2023 WAEC Literature (Prose, OBJ, Drama & Poetry) Answers [26th May]
2023 WASSCE for School Candidates Literature in English EXPO: Get Free Live 2023 WAEC May/June Lit-in English (Prose, Objective, Drama & Poetry) OBJ & Theory Questions and Answers for WASSCE for School Candidates Free of Charge | WAEC May/June Lit-in English Free EXPO Room (19th  & 26th May, 2023).
WAEC MAY/JUNE 2023 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH (PROSE, OBJ, DRAMA & POETRY FREE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ROOM [SCHOOL CANDIDATES]

Friday, 19th May, 2023
Literature-In-English 2 (Prose) – 09:30am – 10:45am
Literature-In-English 1 (Objective) – 10:45am – 11:45am

Friday, 26th May, 2023
Literature-In-English 3 (Drama & Poetry) – 3:00pm – 5:30pm

A. 2023 WAEC LITERATURE IN ENGLISH 3 (DRAMA AND POETRY) ANSWERS

(1)
The play explores the spate of cabal or conspiracy which is a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act. The conspirators in this play includes Lamboi and Musa. One of their selfish aims or objectives is not only to take charge of the chiefdom but also to kill and maim at will.

Firstly, Lamboi together with Musa, the seer and medicine man nurses a plan to poison and have chief Gbanya murdered for passing the Chiefdom to Yoko, a mere woman. Lamboi then compels Musa to poison chief with Alligator gall when Yoko is not available in the courtyard. Part of Lamboi bitterness is the fact that he advised Gbanya not to undertake the Caulker campaign, but Yoko told him she needed more slaves to work on the farm he’d given her, so they had to go to war which was not their own. Consequently, many of their finest fighters, young men died just to satisfy the want of a woman. The fear of Yoko turning the chiefdom and leading Senehun astray makes them come with their plan to eliminate Gbanya.

In addition, as soon as Lamboi’s plan to take over from Gbanya yield no fruit.

This time around, they intend to kidnap and kill Ndapi’s daughter, Jeneba, bury her in a shallow grave. They will therefore trick and manipulate the people to believe Yoko used her as a sacrifice for more power and authority.

OR


(3)
The play opens in the morning, near the village center on the edge of the market. The ‘bush’ school, that is, the village school Lakunle, the school teacher is nearly twenty-three years old, dressed in an “old style and worn-out English suit, rough but not ragged, but clearly “a size or two too small”. Sidi carried a pail of water on her head and Lakunle complains bitterly about such an act because she is at risk of shortening her neck and also because she has exposed her shoulders for everyone in the village to feast his lustful eyes on. Sidi defends such an action when she says at she decides to fold the wrapper high so that she can breathe, and Lakunle insists that she could have worn something on top as most model do. Sidi becomes furious and reprimands Lakunle to desist from being a village gossip and also calls him “the mad man/of llunjunle. because of his meaningless words, but Lakunle is undaunted because he feels that women's brain is naturally small, women are the weaker sex, only weaker breeds pound yams, bend to plant millet. He foresees that one, two years to come when machines will do those things and he also hints at his intention to turn llunjunle around for good. Sidi becomes fed up with the meaningless dialogue and demands her pail back angrily but debunks the payment of bride price.

Part of Lakunle’s meeting with Sidi is to make known his intention to marry her and she insists that her bride price must be paid according to their custom and tradition and that marrying him without a price would make people think that she is no virgin and that would bring shame to her family.
But Lakunle resists the idea and describes it as a savage custom that is barbaric and uncivilized. He goes further to educate Sidi on the implication of payment of the bride price and his plan. Lakunle calls Sidi a bush and uncivilized girl who does not want to appreciate and accept civilized romance and ideology.
The introductory part of this play between Sidi and Lakunle shows the cultural gap versus modernity.

OR

(5)
The love between Jimmy and Helena is portrayed as complicated and filled with tension. Their relationship is marked by conflicts, power struggles, and unhealthy dynamics. Jimmy's love for Helena may be genuine, but it is also intertwined with anger, resentment, and societal frustrations. The play delves into the complexities of love and relationships, portraying the nuances and contradictions that can exist within them.

While Jimmy's behavior towards Helena is often harsh, resentful, and even abusive, there are moments in the play that suggest a deep, albeit troubled, love for her. Here are a few factors that shed light on Jimmy's feelings for Helena

Despite his anger and mistreatment of Helena, Jimmy appears emotionally dependent on her. He seeks her company, wants her attention, and becomes jealous when she interacts with other men. This suggests that he has a deep emotional connection to her.
Moments of Tenderness: Amidst their conflicts, there are instances where Jimmy displays moments of tenderness towards Helena. He shows concern for her well-being, demonstrates vulnerability, and occasionally shares intimate moments of affection. These moments indicate that he does have genuine feelings of love for her.

Jimmy's anger and bitterness often mask his vulnerability and insecurities. It is suggested that Helena is one of the few people with whom he allows himself to be vulnerable. His need for her presence and emotional support indicates a level of emotional attachment and love.

Jimmy's self-destructive behavior and his tendency to push away those closest to him, including Helena, can be seen as a reflection of his fear of intimacy and emotional connection. His actions may be driven by a combination of love and a subconscious desire to protect himself from being hurt.

(6)
Cliff is Jimmy's flatmate and close friend, and their contrasting personalities create an interesting dynamic throughout the play. Jimmy says that he is the only friend of his that still stays around especially after Hugh went abroad.
Cliff Lewis plays a significant role as one of the main characters. Cliff serves as the voice of reason and the counterpoint to the protagonist, Jimmy Porter. Cliff is of the same age as Jimmy. But unlike Jimmy, Cliff is short, dark and big-boned. In Act I, he wears a pullover and grey new but very creased trousers. He is teased by Cliff and Alison for not being able to take care of his new trousers. This is indicative of his lower class background which is supposed to be crude. Cliff is relaxed, easy and lethargic.
The stage direction also states that Cliff has the sad natural intelligence of the self-taught. This means that though Cliff might not have been educated like Jimmy, he still tries to 'better himself' as can be seen in his seriousness at reading newspapers in the play. Cliff is the foil of Jimmy in the play.
Cliff's role in the play is multifaceted. He serves as a bridge between the working class and the middle class, embodying a more moderate and accepting attitude towards life. Cliff has a job, is content with his position, and has aspirations of running a sweet stall, which contrasts with Jimmy's constant dissatisfaction and desire for something more.
In many ways, Cliff represents the ordinary, everyday person who tries to find happiness and contentment within the limitations of their circumstances. His presence highlights the contrast between Jimmy's turbulent nature and the possibility of a more balanced and accepting approach to life.
Cliff Lewis plays a crucial role as a grounding and moral figure, providing a contrasting perspective to the play's central themes of anger, frustration, and disillusionment.

(7)
In the play "Fences", written by August Wilson, Troy's perception of death serves as a significant reflection of his character and experiences. Troy's views on death are shaped by his life experiences, struggles, and the barriers he has faced.
Troy views death as a powerful force that is ultimately inevitable and unyielding. He often speaks of death with a sense of acceptance and resignation, believing that it will come for everyone eventually. This perspective is rooted in his own experiences with hardship and disappointment, which have led him to adopt a pragmatic and somewhat fatalistic outlook.
Troy's perception of death is also influenced by his own personal battles and the sense of confinement he feels in his life. He sees death as a way to escape the limitations and struggles of his existence. This viewpoint is particularly evident in his conversations with his friend Bono, where he expresses a longing for release and a desire to be free from the burdens of responsibility and disappointment.
Troy's experiences of racial injustice and his dashed dreams of a career in baseball have instilled in him a sense of bitterness and resentment. His perception of death is tinged with a belief that life is inherently unfair and that it ultimately leads to disappointment and unfulfilled dreams. This outlook is exemplified in his conversations with his son Cory, where he discourages Cory from pursuing a career in sports, projecting his own unfulfilled aspirations onto his son.
Through Troy's perspective on death, The playwright explores themes of resilience, the weight of personal history, and the ways in which individuals grapple with their own mortality in the face of adversity.

VERSION TWO

(7)
Troy's perception on Death which is Mortality is predominant in the play. It is a form of foreshadow where Troy Maxson claims that he literally wrestled with death and won. We see several monologues throughout the play where he taunts and challenges death, almost daring it to try and take him again. Troy’s attitude towards death is relaxed, clam and peaceful. He sees death as inevitable end – a compulsory journey that everyone must embark on as he said ain’t anything wrong with talking about death? That’s part of life. Everybody gonna die. You gonna die, I’m gonna die. Bono’s gonna die. Hell, we all gonna die in his words.

Troy also sees death as being weak and powerless, because one can choose whether to allow it kill one or not. He also recounts how he fought with death in the middle of July, 1941. As he said It seems like death himself reached out and touched me on the shoulder. He touched me just like I touch you. I got cold as ice and death standing there grinning at me. Troy admits that while fighting with death and death throws off his attempt to fight and defeat death. Troy still believes that death will come after him someday because it is not easy to conquer death. “Death ain’t anything to play with. And I know… he’s gonna have to fight to get me” according to him

The fact that Gabe is partially sane, his words foreshadows death that later visits Troy in the end. Death therefore is seen as an ultimate chance for peace. Troy triumphs over death because he never lets fear of it control his life. Wilson seems to speak against Troy’s view of death, and how this view informs his approach to life and the people around him.

(8)
Bono is portrayed as a loyal and committed friend to the protagonist, Troy Maxson. Bono's dedication to their friendship can be attributed to several reasons such in a way that firstly Bono and Troy have a long history together, spanning many years. They have been friends since their time in prison, and this shared experience has created a bond between them. Bono values their history and the trust they have built over time, which strengthens his commitment to their friendship.
Secondly, on their mutual support as Bono is a constant source of support for Troy, and vice versa. They lean on each other during difficult times, sharing their triumphs and hardships. Bono often acts as a sounding board for Troy's struggles and offers advice and guidance when needed. This mutual support creates a sense of camaraderie and deepens their friendship.
Thirdly, Bono has a deep understanding of Troy's flaws, shortcomings, and complexities. Despite Troy's sometimes difficult and abrasive nature, Bono accepts him for who he is. He recognizes Troy's humanity and respects his experiences, allowing for a genuine connection based on acceptance and understanding.
Further more Bono is fiercely loyal to Troy. He stands by him through thick and thin, even when Troy's actions or decisions may be questionable. Bono remains steadfast and committed, demonstrating his unwavering loyalty to their friendship.
Additionally, Bono and Troy share certain values and beliefs. They both have a strong work ethic and a sense of responsibility. They understand the importance of providing for their families and the struggles faced by black men in a racial and more also these shared values further solidify their bond and commitment to each other.
It's clear that Bono sees beyond Troy's flaws and remains dedicated to their friendship, embodying the qualities of a steadfast and loyal friend.

(9)
The poet presents the reader with contrasting emotions throughout the poem. It contains different moods.
The initial two stanzas depict the circumstances leading to the appointment of the "Government Driver" who had diligently served for thirty years and was now retiring.
“...today retires he home…” lines 3
In the following stanza, the poet introduces the reader to the jubilation and delight felt by the driver due to his retirement and the recognition he receives for his dedicated service.
“…more joy to send him home"
"a brand new car in his name…” lines 17-18

The poet initially portrays the government driver's anticipation and excitement about his retirement. However, there is a sudden shift in mood as the driver's exhilaration intensifies upon receiving the car gift. This change in mood fuels his rejoicing even further.
...“Come friends and rejoice more, Joy till no more joy to joy..."

In the final stanza, the initial mood of excitement and fulfillment diminishes as the same excitement ultimately leads to the driver's demise. This turn of events evokes a mood of "pity and shock" as the poem concludes.
The initial excitement that pervaded stanzas 1 to 5 dissipates as the driver indulges in alcohol, impairing his vision and sound judgment.
..."Booze boozed his vision and clear judgement, he boomed his brand new car and it sent him home to rest in peace..."
The poem begins with an exciting narrative, but as the story unfolds, it gradually transitions into a somber and gloomy atmosphere. These two prevailing moods permeate the entire plot of the poem.


 

(11)
"Do not go Gentle into that Good Night" is a powerful and poignant poem written by Dylan Thomas. The poet's diction in this poem is striking and deliberate, creating a sense of urgency and emotional intensity.

The poet's choice of words is vivid and evocative, allowing the reader to connect with the poem on an emotional level. The repeated use of the imperative phrase "Do not go gentle" throughout the poem emphasizes the poet's plea for resistance and defiance in the face of death. The word "gentle" itself conveys a sense of surrender and acceptance, contrasting with the poet's desire for his loved ones to fight against the inevitable.

Furthermore, the poet employs strong, resonant language to depict various stages of life and the emotions associated with them. He uses contrasting pairs of words to heighten the emotional impact, such as "light" and "dark," "day" and "night," and "life" and "grave." These choices create a sense of tension and emphasize the importance of living fully and passionately, even in the face of death.

The poet's use of vivid imagery is another noteworthy aspect of the poem's diction. Thomas employs vivid metaphors and descriptive language to depict different types of people and their attitudes towards death. For instance, he describes "wise men" as "the good," while "wild men" and "grave men" represent those who have lived passionately or with regret. This imagery adds depth and complexity to the poem, inviting readers to reflect on their own lives and the choices they make.

(12)
The poem "Caged Bird" by Maya Angelou depicts powerful use of imagery, which serves to highlight the stark contrast between freedom and oppression, and to convey the emotional experiences of the caged bird.

Throughout the poem, the poet employs vivid and evocative imagery to draw a parallel between the bird's physical and emotional confinement. For example, she describes the bird's wings as "clipped and its feet tied," symbolizing the restrictions imposed upon it. This visual imagery creates a sense of imprisonment and helplessness, emphasizing the bird's inability to fly and experience the freedom it desires.

The poet also utilizes contrasting imagery to emphasize the stark divide between the caged bird and its free counterpart. She describes the free bird's flight as "the orange sun rays beating on its wings," painting a picture of unbridled movement and the warm embrace of sunlight. In contrast, the caged bird's experience is characterized by "bars of rage" and a "grave of dreams." These vivid descriptions evoke a sense of confinement and frustration, emphasizing the emotional toll of captivity.

In addition, the poem's imagery draws upon natural elements to further enhance its impact. Angelou employs images of a "sighing wind" and a "fat worms waiting on a dawn-bright lawn" to create a vivid sense of the outside world that the caged bird longs for. These natural images serve as symbols of freedom and possibilities, highlighting the stark contrast between the bird's confined existence and the vastness of the world beyond.

The use of sensory imagery also plays a significant role in the poem. Angelou appeals to the reader's senses, allowing them to imagine the bird's experience more vividly. The reader can almost hear the caged bird's "trill of things unknown" and feel its frustration through the images of the "shadow shouts" and "fearful trill." These sensory details contribute to the emotional impact of the poem, enabling readers to empathize with the bird's longing for freedom.

 

B. 2023 WAEC LITERATURE IN ENGLISH 2 (PROSE) ANSWERS

NOTE:
Candidates are required to answer ONLY TWO questions.

They are to answer One question from each Section.

Section A (1-4)
Section B (5-8)


 

VERSION 2



(4)
Massa is Nii Tackie’s sick wife who hails from Sampa. She is an orphan adopted by certain parents. Her terminal disease or aliment seems to defy all forms of treatment because the doctor in charge of the treatment has passed a death sentence on her, she has just few days. The health workers have wished her all the best. Nii has realized that Massa is dying slowly each second. Life has just began to treat both of them well two years before until suddenly she is taken ill.

Fortunately, a friend has recommended them to see a spiritualist, known as “God is beyond science”. This time she is already a shadow of her former self “She was already looking like a grandmother at twenty two” She vomits spits and defecates in her sleeping position owing to the ailment. Nii then takes a bold step to convey her to the spiritualist home and she unfortunately dies on their way. Nii who is already fed up with the hardship in the country and the inability of his bank and teaching job to sustain him, abandons her corpse at the Korofidua mortuary and runs away, until Mama and Joe trace Massa’s corpse to the mortuary and gives her a befitting burial.

Symbolically, Massa represents the living physical condition, political, social and moral decay, she represents the nation in labour, hanging on tenaciously to life by the thinnes of threads, Like the collapsing state of Ghana, looking at her.

Marshak is Nii’s friend who is a fugitive prostitute. Nii met her at the Hotel Irohin while Nii was working as a slave in cassava farm. Her father was shot dead during the revolution at home and all their properties confiscated. The revolutionaries claimed that her father was a reactionary and a saboteur. Her mother and her two sisters were smuggled across the border at Elubo, and they are now in the Ivory Coast. Marshak submits upon meeting Nii. Marshak has made a decision to be a change person and get married someday. She may be a prostitute but the most important thing to her is that she wants to be free. She is looking for an opportunity to mend and redeem herself from a life of filth imposed on her by circumstances at home.

One unfortunate thing happens to Marshak that Nii would live to remember. Marshak finds it difficult to change her ways. She continues to play ball with men, even some immigration officers were her customers. Nii visits her on that fateful day and meets her in the pool of her own blood and he’s informed that she attempts to abort a baby but Nii still believes that she takes her own life.

Prior to her death, when event Nii what's to have an affair with her, she always remembers her late wife Massa.

(5)
The narrator who speaks in the voice of a man in his 40s remembers his youth as the novel opens. He remembers when he has not yet discovered his identity or realized that he was an invisible man. The narrator relates an anecdote concerning his grandfather, who on his death bed shocks his family, revealing himself a spy and a traitor to his race. The narrator then dreams that he’s in the mists of his grandfather that night, who refuses to laugh at the clowns. His grandfather orders him to open the briefcase and read the message contained in an official envelope, the narrator finds that each envelope contains yet, another envelope. In the envelope, instead of scholarship, he finds an engraved document, with the message “To Whom It May Concern, keep This Nigger-Boy Running”. The grandfather’s deathbed scene and advice represent ancestor or ghost of slavery and the need to get rid of the past.

The advice influenced the narrator who the protagonist and principal character in the novel. His name and true identity is never mentioned. The narrator begins and ends the novel as a type of embodied voice. He addresses his story through the use of the first person narration. At the beginning of the novel, he explains the meaning of this invisibility simply because people refuse to see me…

The narrator is gullible; for he’s easily deceived by the white and other people around him. He should have known that Dr. Bledsoe does not have any good intention for him. When Bledsoe gives the narrator the recommended letters, knowing fully well that Bledsoe initially yells and criticizes the narrator for showing the unpleasant side of the black community to Mr. Norton. The narrator refuses to believe that Dr. Bledsoe is trying to get rid of him through expulsion, little did he know that the letters were not of recommendation, but of rejection.

Before the narrator joins the Brotherhood, he remains extremely innocent and inexperienced. He is prone to think the best of people even when he has reason not to, and he remains constantly respectful of authority. The narrator’s innocence sometimes causes him to misunderstand important events in the novel. For instance, the narrator accepts his scholarship from the brutish white men with gladness. Although, he passes no judgment on the white man’s behavior. The narrator remains vulnerable to the identity that society thrusts upon him as an African- American. He plays the role of the service black man to the white man. He also plays the industrious, uncomplaining disciple of Booker T. Washington during his college year, he agrees to act as the Brotherhood’s black spokesman, which allows the Brotherhood use him.

But the narrator also proves very intelligent and introspective.

Finally, the narrator has retreated to underground, yet in the act of telling a story, the narrator comes to realize the danger of invisibility. He concludes his story determined to honor his own complexity rather than subdue it in the interest of a group of ideology. Though most of the narrator’s difficulties arise from the fact that he’s black. The novelist sees the narrator’s as a universal character- a direct representation of the struggle just like the father.

VERSION TWO

(5)
The advice given by the narrator's grandfather plays a significant role in shaping his actions and understanding of his identity. The narrator's grandfather imparts a powerful message about the importance of maintaining individuality and dignity in the face of racism and oppression.

Embracing Individuality: The narrator's grandfather tells him to "keep up the good fight" and to never allow others to define his worth or diminish his humanity. This advice instills in the narrator a sense of individuality and the importance of asserting his own identity, even in the face of societal pressures to conform. As a result, the narrator strives to assert his independence and find his own voice throughout the novel.

Seeking Success within a Racist Society: The narrator's grandfather's advice also guides the narrator's pursuit of success within a racist society. He advises the narrator to "overcome 'em with yeses, undermine 'em with grins, agree 'em to death and destruction." This advice suggests that by playing into the expectations of white society, the narrator can find success and navigate the racial barriers that exist. However, the narrator later realizes the limitations and compromises of this approach, leading him to reassess his actions and find alternative paths to empowerment.

Recognizing the Complexity of Identity: The narrator's grandfather's advice prompts the narrator to reflect on the complexities of his identity as a Black man in a racially divided society. He grapples with the notion of visibility and invisibility, exploring how his identity is constructed and perceived by others. The advice encourages the narrator to question societal expectations and stereotypes, leading him to explore different roles and personas throughout the novel as he searches for his true identity.

The advice of the narrator's grandfather acts as a guiding force throughout the novel, influencing his actions, self-perception, and understanding of the world around him. It encourages him to assert his individuality, navigate the challenges of racism, and question societal expectations, ultimately shaping his journey of self-discovery and empowerment as an "invisible man."


(6)
The Ideology of 'the brotherhood' was portrayed through Mr. Jack and the Narrator. Jack is a local leader of the communist party who recruits the narrator to be their speaker. He is also the leader of the Brotherhood, to point out the failures of abstract ideologies to address the real plight of African Americans and other victims of oppression. At first, Jack seems kind, compassionate, intelligent and helpful; a real friend to the struggling narrator whom he gives money, a job and seemingly – a way to help his people fight against prejudice. But as the story progresses, it becomes clear that the narrator is just as invisible to jack as he is to everyone else.

Jack is a manipulator, because he sees the narrator not as a person, but as a tool for the advancement of the Brotherhood goals. It later becomes clear to the narrator that Jack shares the same racial prejudice as the rest of the white American society, and when the Brotherhood’s focus changes, Jack abandons the black community without regret. He is also a cunning man who only uses the narrator to assist the advancement of the Brotherhood.

Brother Jack does not only rob away the narrator’s ideas but also replace them with the Brotherhood ideas. Brother Jack’s literal blindness is a metaphor for the flawed vision he possesses for the brotherhood. Brother Jack is not what the narrator thought he’s and not what we readers think he is.

Brother Jack and the entire Brotherhood use people such as the narrator to build a stronger basis for their organization to fully show case their ideology. Brother Jack uses the narrator also to establish fame of the Brotherhood ideology. Brother Jack does not see the narrator as a friend or as a co-worker, but as a tool for the Brotherhood advancement. This is a perfect example of a person who does things according to his self-interests.

VERSION TWO
(6)
The ideology of brotherhood is a complex and multifaceted concept that evolves throughout the novel. The protagonist, an unnamed African American man, grapples with the challenges of racial identity and seeks genuine connections with others in a racially divided society.

Unity and Solidarity: The ideology of brotherhood emphasizes the unity and solidarity among marginalized individuals who face oppression and discrimination. The protagonist longs for a sense of brotherhood that transcends racial and social barriers, seeking to connect with others who share his experiences and struggles. He believes in the power of collective action and finds strength in the idea of standing together against injustice.

Identity and Authenticity: The ideology of brotherhood involves embracing one's authentic self and rejecting the expectations and stereotypes imposed by society. The protagonist navigates a complex journey of self-discovery, grappling with the notion of invisibility and the constraints placed on his identity. He seeks a brotherhood that recognizes and values individuality, allowing each person to express their unique experiences and perspectives.

Empathy and Understanding: Brotherhood in "Invisible Man" is rooted in empathy and understanding. The protagonist yearns for genuine connections where individuals empathize with each other's struggles and recognize the shared humanity that transcends racial divisions. This ideology challenges the dehumanization and objectification of marginalized communities, emphasizing the importance of listening, learning, and acknowledging the experiences of others.

Political Activism and Social Change: The ideology of brotherhood is intertwined with political activism and the pursuit of social change. The protagonist becomes involved in various political and social organizations, hoping to mobilize collective action and address the systemic issues of racism and inequality. Brotherhood is seen as a means to challenge and dismantle oppressive structures, working towards a more just and equitable society.

Complexity and Contradictions: Ellison presents the ideology of brotherhood as complex and riddled with contradictions. The protagonist encounters various individuals and groups who claim to embody brotherhood but often have conflicting agendas or fail to truly understand his experiences. This exploration highlights the challenges of achieving genuine brotherhood in a world marked by division and competing interests.

Challenging Stereotypes and Prejudices: The ideology of brotherhood challenges stereotypes and prejudices that perpetuate divisions among individuals. The protagonist rejects the idea of categorizing people solely based on their race or societal roles. He believes in the importance of recognizing the complexity and diversity of individual experiences, thus fostering understanding and breaking down barriers.

Collaboration and Cooperation: Brotherhood entails working collaboratively with others to create positive change. The protagonist recognizes the power of collective action and the potential for individuals to make a difference by uniting their efforts. By joining forces, individuals can challenge oppressive systems and work towards a more equitable society.

Redefining Identity: The ideology of brotherhood also involves redefining one's own identity and rejecting prescribed roles and expectations. The protagonist grapples with notions of visibility and invisibility, seeking to redefine his identity on his own terms rather than conforming to societal expectations. This process of self-discovery and self-definition is intertwined with the pursuit of brotherhood.

Universal Human Connection: The protagonist desires a sense of brotherhood that goes beyond superficial differences. He seeks genuine connections with others based on shared humanity rather than racial or social categorizations. The ideology of brotherhood emphasizes the belief that all individuals, regardless of their backgrounds, possess inherent worth and deserve respect and empathy.

Embracing Individuality: The narrator's grandfather tells him to "keep up the good fight" and to never allow others to define his worth or diminish his humanity. This advice instills in the narrator a sense of individuality and the importance of asserting his own identity, even in the face of societal pressures to conform. As a result, the narrator strives to assert his independence and find his own voice throughout the novel.

Seeking Success within a Racist Society: The narrator's grandfather's advice also guides the narrator's pursuit of success within a racist society. He advises the narrator to "overcome 'em with yeses, undermine 'em with grins, agree 'em to death and destruction." This advice suggests that by playing into the expectations of white society, the narrator can find success and navigate the racial barriers that exist. However, the narrator later realizes the limitations and compromises of this approach, leading him to reassess his actions and find alternative paths to empowerment.

Recognizing the Complexity of Identity: The narrator's grandfather's advice prompts the narrator to reflect on the complexities of his identity as a Black man in a racially divided society. He grapples with the notion of visibility and invisibility, exploring how his identity is constructed and perceived by others. The advice encourages the narrator to question societal expectations and stereotypes, leading him to explore different roles and personas throughout the novel as he searches for his true identity.


(7)
In "Wuthering Heights," the marriage between Heathcliff and Isabella Linton is far from a happy or healthy union. Their marriage is characterized by manipulation, abuse, and the pursuit of personal gain.

Revenge and Manipulation: Heathcliff's marriage to Isabella is primarily driven by his desire for revenge against the Linton family, particularly Edgar Linton, who is Isabella's brother. By marrying Isabella, Heathcliff seeks to gain control over their wealth and inflict pain on those he believes have wronged him. His motivations for the marriage are rooted in vengeance rather than genuine love or affection.

Loveless and Abusive: Heathcliff's treatment of Isabella is cruel and abusive. He shows no genuine affection or care for her and uses her as a pawn in his revenge scheme. Isabella, initially infatuated with the idea of Heathcliff as a romantic hero, soon realizes the mistake she has made. She becomes trapped in a loveless marriage, subjected to emotional and physical abuse by Heathcliff.

Isolation and Misery: Isabella's marriage to Heathcliff isolates her from her family and the society she is familiar with. She becomes a prisoner at Wuthering Heights, cut off from her loved ones and subjected to the oppressive and violent atmosphere of the place. Isabella's situation deteriorates further when she becomes pregnant with Heathcliff's child.

Manipulation of the Child: After the birth of their son, Linton, Heathcliff manipulates the child to further his own interests. He uses Linton as a means to gain control over Thrushcross Grange, the Linton family estate. This manipulation further highlights the selfish and ruthless nature of Heathcliff's actions.

In summary, the marriage is considered a loveless and abusive union driven by Heathcliff's desire for revenge. Isabella becomes a victim of Heathcliff's manipulations and suffers emotional and physical torment throughout their relationship. Their marriage serves as a stark contrast to the intense and passionate love between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, highlighting the destructive consequences of Heathcliff's obsession and the damaging effects of his revenge-fueled actions.

(8)
"The weather, windows, and setting are often used as symbolic elements throughout the narrative.

The Weather: The weather in "Wuthering Heights" often reflects the tumultuous emotions and intense conflicts within the story. Storms, winds, and harsh weather conditions frequently occur during moments of heightened tension, passion, or turmoil. The weather serves as a metaphor for the characters' turbulent emotions and the dark, brooding atmosphere of the novel. For example, stormy weather often coincides with intense confrontations or emotional outbursts, emphasizing the passionate and volatile nature of the characters' relationships.

The Windows: Windows are used as a symbolic device to represent boundaries, barriers, and glimpses into the outside world. They serve as a means of communication between characters who are physically separated or belong to different social classes. Windows often become sites of longing and desire, as characters yearn to connect with one another or escape their current circumstances. They can also represent the divide between the civilized world and the untamed nature of the moors, highlighting the clash between society's expectations and the wild, passionate spirits of the characters.

The Setting: The setting of "Wuthering Heights," particularly the contrasting locations of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, represents the clash between nature and civilization, passion and propriety. Wuthering Heights, situated on the bleak and rugged moors, embodies a wild and untamed environment, mirroring the passionate and unruly nature of its inhabitants. In contrast, Thrushcross Grange represents order, refinement, and social norms. The contrast between these two settings reflects the dichotomy between Heathcliff and Catherine's intense, primal love and the societal expectations and constraints they encounter.

Overall, the use of the weather, windows, and setting as symbols in "Wuthering Heights" adds depth and enhances the themes of passion, conflict, and the struggle between nature and civilization. These symbols contribute to the atmospheric and emotional impact of the story, emphasizing the intensity of the characters' relationships and the underlying tensions within the narrative.


C. 2023 WAEC LITERATURE IN ENGLISH 1 (OBJECTIVE) ANSWERS

1-10: DABABDCAAA
11:20: DBDDCCDBCA
21-30: DBCDCCBDBA
31-40: CBABAAADAC
41-50: CDBABDDADA
 
 
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