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2024 WASSCE for School Candidates Literature in English EXPO: Get Free Live 2024 WAEC May/June Lit-in English (Prose, Objective, Drama & Poetry) OBJ & Theory Questions and Answers for WASSCE for School Candidates Free of Charge |
WAEC May/June Lit-in English Free EXPO Room (17th & 24th May, 2024).
WAEC MAY/JUNE 2024 LITERATURE IN ENGLISH (PROSE, OBJ, DRAMA & POETRY FREE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ROOM [SCHOOL CANDIDATES]
Friday, 17th May 2024
Literature-In-English 2 (Prose) 9:30am – 10:45am
Literature-In-English 1 (Objective) 10:45am – 11:45am
Literature-In-English 2 (Prose) 9:30am – 10:45am
Literature-In-English 1 (Objective) 10:45am – 11:45am
Friday, 24th May 2024
Literature-In-English 3(Drama & Poetry) 3:30pm – 6:00pm
Literature-In-English 3(Drama & Poetry) 3:30pm – 6:00pm
A. 2024 WAEC LITERATURE IN ENGLISH 3 (DRAMA AND POETRY) ANSWERS
(NUMBER 1 VERSION 1)
(1)
In the African drama "Let
Me Die Alone," the deaths of Yoko and Gbanya are pivotal moments that
encapsulate the themes of power, betrayal, and sacrifice. These events
are deeply intertwined with their personal struggles and the political
tensions of their time.
Yoko, a historical figure and the drama's
tragic heroine, becomes overwhelmed by the pressures and turmoil in
Moyamba. Feeling humiliated and unfit to rule, she decides that the only
way to achieve peace is through death. This sense of overwhelming
despair drives her to poison herself. In her final speech, Yoko
articulates her longing for peace, saying, “If I’m to die, then let me
die alone… and now I will know peace. Now I will never be used again.
Gbanya, make way, Yoko is coming in search of peace.” Her words reveal
her profound disillusionment and her desire to escape the burdens of
leadership.
Gbanya, the chief of Senehun and Yoko’s husband, plays
a crucial role in the unfolding tragedy through his broken promises and
political missteps. Although he initially promises to pass the chiefdom
to Yoko, he later retracts, citing the threats from external enemies
and the turbulent political environment. This betrayal deepens Yoko’s
sense of despair. Gbanya’s failure to keep his promise is evident when
he reflects on the changing circumstances: “Remember you made a promise a
long time ago that at the time of your death the chiefdom passes into
my hands.” His vacillation and eventual poisoning by Lamboi and Musa,
who conspire to prevent Yoko from gaining power, precipitate Yoko’s
final, tragic decision.
Yoko’s empathetic nature and deep
sensitivity to her people’s plight make her a compassionate leader, but
these qualities also render her vulnerable to the immense stress and
emotional toll of leadership. The constant pressures become unbearable,
leading her to conclude that taking her own life is the only way to find
peace. Her ultimate act of self-poisoning is a testament to her desire
to bear the burdens alone. In her final moments, she declares, “I have
savored the fruits of power alone… let me die alone… and now I will know
peace,” underscoring her isolation and the weight of her sacrifices.
The political intrigue and external pressures further complicate
their lives. Gbanya’s rule is undermined by the British colonial
influence, particularly Governor Samuel Rowe, who humiliates him in
front of his people. This public degradation symbolizes the erosion of
traditional authority and foreshadows the instability that leads to both
their deaths. Lamboi and Musa’s conspiracy to poison Gbanya to prevent
Yoko from assuming power adds to the tragic unraveling of their lives.
Yoko’s final act of poisoning herself is the culmination of her
profound sense of betrayal, loss, and yearning for peace. Her last
words, “I… did not bring a child into this world. So let no one mourn my
death. Tell the entire Chiefdom, none should mourn my death,” reflect
her resignation and desire to be forgotten, highlighting her loneliness
and the depth of her sacrifices. This self-imposed isolation in death
underscores the tragic dimensions of her character and her quest for
peace.
(NUMBER 1 VERSION 2)
(1)
The deaths of Yoko
and Gbanya serve as turning points in the African drama "Let Me Die
Alone," capturing the themes of sacrifice, betrayal, and power. The
political unrest of their era and their personal hardships are
intricately linked to these occurrences.
The tragic heroine of
the play and a historical character, Yoko, is overtaken by the stress
and unrest in Moyamba. She believes that death is the only way to bring
about peace because she feels degraded and unable to be in charge. She
poisons herself because of this overwhelming sense of hopelessness. Yoko
expresses her desire for peace in her last speech by stating,“If I’m to
die, then let me die alone… and now I will know peace. Now I will never
be used again. Gbanya, make way, Yoko is coming in search of peace.”
Her statements express her deep disappointment and wish to be freed from
the responsibilities of leadership.
Through his unfulfilled
promises and political gaffes, Gbanya, the chief of Senehun and Yoko's
husband, plays a pivotal role in the tragedy that is developing. Despite
his original pledge to give Yoko the chiefdom, he later backtracks,
citing the unstable political climate and threats from outside foes.
Yoko becomes more depressed as a result of this betrayal. When Gbanya
considers the evolving situation, it is clear that he has broken his
word: “Remember you made a promise a long time ago that at the time of
your death the chiefdom passes into my hands.” Yoko's last, fatal
decision is sparked by his indecisiveness and the eventual poisoning by
Lamboi and Musa, who plot to keep Yoko from becoming powerful.
Yoko is a caring leader because of her empathy and acute awareness of
the suffering of her people, but these traits also leave her susceptible
to the extreme stress and emotional toll that come with being in a
position of authority. She comes to the conclusion that the only way to
achieve peace is to end her own life since the incessant pressures grow
intolerable. Her final act of self-poisoning demonstrates her
determination to carry the weight by herself. In her final moments, she
declares, “I have savored the fruits of power alone… let me die alone…
and now I will know peace,” underscoring her isolation and the weight of
her sacrifices.
Their lives are made more difficult by outside
influences and political intrigue. The British colonial influence
weakens Gbanya's rule, especially through Governor Samuel Rowe's
humiliation of him in front of his people. This public humiliation
foreshadows the instability that ultimately results in their murders and
represents the deterioration of established authority. The terrible
disintegration of Lamboi and Musa's life is exacerbated by their plot to
poison Gbanya in order to keep Yoko from seizing control.
The
pinnacle of Yoko's intense feelings of loss, betrayal, and desire for
peace was her ultimate act of poisoning herself. Her last words, “I… did
not bring a child into this world. So let no one mourn my death. Tell
the entire Chiefdom, none should mourn my death,” which emphasize her
loneliness and the extent of her sacrifices. Her self-imposed seclusion
in death highlights the tragic aspects of her personality and her search
for tranquility.
(NUMBER 2 VERSION 1)
(2)
Foreshadowing is a powerful literary device that adds depth, suspense, and anticipation to storytelling. In the play about Madam Yoko, foreshadowing is expertly used to hint at future events and outcomes, allowing the audience to anticipate key developments and their consequences. Through subtle clues and hints scattered throughout the narrative, the playwright effectively creates a sense of foreboding and tension, enriching the dramatic experience for the audience.
One prominent use of foreshadowing in the play is evident in Gbanya's promise to pass power over to Yoko upon his death. This initial promise sets the stage for the power struggle that unfolds after Gbanya's demise. As the audience witnesses Gbanya's determination to uphold his promise and Yoko's eagerness to assume leadership, they are subtly foreshadowed about the potential conflict and turmoil that will arise regarding Yoko's succession to power.
The impending danger of Gbanya's death is foreshadowed through various ominous signs and events. The arrival of the messenger with the Governor's message and the subsequent accusations against Gbanya hint at the events that lead to his downfall. Gbanya's insistence on Yoko inheriting the chiefdom further reinforces the audience's anticipation of the turmoil that will follow his passing, setting the stage for the tragic events that unfold.
Lamboi's treachery and plot to kill Gbanya with poison are also foreshadowed through secretive conversations and hesitant actions. The audience senses the impending danger as Lamboi's true intentions become clear, creating a palpable sense of foreboding and suspense. The tension builds as the plot unfolds, leading to the inevitable tragedy that befalls Gbanya and sets the stage for further conflict and turmoil within the kingdom.
As Yoko assumes the role of chief after Gbanya's death, the challenges she faces are foreshadowed through ongoing interference from the Governor and conspiracies orchestrated by Lamboi and Musa. The audience anticipates the struggles Yoko will encounter in maintaining her reign and protecting her people, heightening the tension and suspense as the narrative progresses.
Ultimately, Yoko's decision to commit suicide serves as the climax of the play and is foreshadowed by her mounting despair and disillusionment. The Governor's betrayal and the betrayal of her own people serve as the final catalysts for her tragic end. Through Yoko's declaration of finding peace in death and the absence of mourning for her departure, the audience is foreshadowed about her ultimate fate, bringing the narrative full circle and leaving a lasting impact on the audience.
(NUMBER 2 VERSION 2)
(2)
A strong literary device that gives stories depth, tension, and suspense is foreshadowing. In the play about Madam Yoko, foreshadowing is skillfully used to allude to future events and results, enabling the audience to predict significant breakthroughs and their ramifications. The playwright skillfully builds tension and a sense of foreboding throughout the story through subtly placed clues and hints, which enhances the audience's emotional experience.
The drama makes extensive use of foreshadowing, as shown in Gbanya's pledge to give Yoko control after his death. This first pledge establishes the parameters for the power battle that follows Gbanya's death. The audience is gently warned about the possible strife and chaos that may occur with regard to Yoko's accession to power as they observe Gbanya's resolve to keep his word and Yoko's yearning to take charge.
Numerous frightening signals and incidents anticipate the imminent risk of Gbanya's death. The messenger's arrival bearing the Governor's letter and the charges that follow point to the circumstances that ultimately bring Gbanya down. Gbanya's determination that Yoko inherit the chiefdom sets the atmosphere for the sad events that transpire by reinforcing the audience's expectation of the unrest that would follow his death.
With his cautious behaviors and cryptic words, Lamboi also foreshadows his betrayal and plan to poison Gbanya. As Lamboi's actual intentions become apparent, the viewer senses the oncoming peril, resulting in a tangible feeling of tension and foreboding. As the story progresses, the tension increases, setting the stage for more strife and unrest throughout the kingdom as well as the ultimate catastrophe that befalls Gbanya.
Following Gbanya's death, Yoko becomes the new chief, but her obstacles are hinted at by the Governor's persistent meddling and the schemes of Lamboi and Musa. The tension and suspense in the story increase as the spectator predicts the difficulties Yoko will have in upholding her rule and defending her people.
The drama culminates with Yoko's resolve to end her life, which is hinted at by her increasing feelings of hopelessness and disappointment. Her sad demise is ultimately brought about by the treachery of both her own people and the Governor. The audience is given a hint about Yoko's eventual destiny by her assertion that she finds peace in death and the lack of grieving upon her departure, which completes the cycle of the story and leaves a lasting impression on them.
(NUMBER 8 VERSION 1)
(8)
Troy Maxson’s past profoundly shapes his present circumstances, influencing his actions, relationships, and worldview. Troy's experiences as a young man and his struggles with racial discrimination have left deep scars that manifest in his interactions with his family and his approach to life.
Troy's history as a talented baseball player who never made it to the major leagues is central to understanding his present outlook. Despite his skill, Troy was barred from the major leagues due to racial discrimination, which occurred just as these leagues began accepting black players. This exclusion has left him bitter and resentful, coloring his perception of the opportunities available to his son, Cory. When Cory is recruited by a college football team, Troy vehemently opposes it, fearing that Cory will face the same racial barriers and disappointments he did. This fear and protective instinct drive Troy to sabotage Cory’s football aspirations, believing he is shielding his son from inevitable heartache.
Troy's harsh and domineering attitude towards his family is another consequence of his past struggles. Having endured a brutal upbringing and the hardships of life as a black man in a racially segregated society, Troy has developed a rigid, authoritarian approach to parenting. He imposes his own failed dreams and fears on his children, particularly Cory, whom he demands to abandon football and focus on practical, stable employment. Troy’s inability to express love and support is rooted in his own experiences of deprivation and hardship, leading him to equate providing materially with fulfilling his paternal duties.
The complexity of Troy’s character is further revealed through his relationship with his wife, Rose. Despite his genuine affection for her, Troy's past failures and frustrations contribute to his extramarital affair with Alberta. The affair is an escape from the pressures and disappointments of his life, offering him a fleeting sense of control and freedom. However, when Alberta dies during childbirth, Troy is forced to confront the consequences of his actions. Rose’s decision to raise Alberta’s baby, Raynell, but distance herself emotionally from Troy, underscores the destructive impact of his inability to reconcile his past with his present.
Troy's relationship with his eldest son, Lyons, also highlights the enduring influence of his past. Lyons, an aspiring musician, is often met with Troy’s disdain and skepticism. Troy’s experiences have made him cynical about artistic pursuits, which he views as impractical and unstable. He begrudgingly supports Lyons financially but does so with a sense of superiority and disappointment, unable to appreciate his son’s passion for music. This dynamic reflects Troy’s internal conflict between his desire to support his family and his deep-seated belief that dreams are futile in a world marred by racial and economic injustices.
Moreover, Troy’s interactions with his friend Bono reveal the enduring bonds and shared history that shape his present reality. Bono admires Troy’s strength and integrity, qualities forged through years of struggle. Their friendship, spanning over thirty years, is a testament to the solidarity and resilience required to navigate the harsh realities of their lives. Bono’s respect for Troy’s determination to challenge racial injustices at work, as seen in Troy's questioning of why black employees are not allowed to drive garbage trucks, highlights the persistence of Troy’s fight against systemic oppression.
(NUMBER 8 VERSION 2)
(8)
Troy Maxson's background has a significant impact on his current situation, affecting his behavior, relationships, and outlook. Deep wounds from his early life experiences and battles with racial prejudice may be seen in Troy's relationships with his family and outlook on life.
Troy's current perspective is largely shaped by his past as a gifted baseball player who was never able to make it to the major leagues. Racial prejudice kept Troy out of the major leagues despite his skill; this happened just around the time these leagues started to include black players. His bitterness and resentment stem from this exclusion have affected how he views Cory's chances. Troy fiercely opposes Cory being recruited by a college football team because he believes Cory will experience the same racial obstacles and setbacks that he did. Troy sabotages Cory's football dreams out of dread and a protective impulse, thinking he is saving his son from the pain that would inevitably come.
Troy's harsh and controlling behavior toward his family is an additional effect of his prior hardships. Troy has adopted a strict, authoritarian parenting style as a result of his terrible childhood and the struggles he had as a black guy growing up in a culture that separated people based on race. He puts his own anxieties and unfulfilled goals on his kids, especially Cory, who he tells to give up football and concentrate on finding a real job. Because of his personal experiences with struggle and deprivation, Troy finds it difficult to provide love and support for others. As a result, he equates supplying material possessions with carrying out his parental obligations.
Troy's connection with his wife, Rose, further reveals the depth of his character. Despite his sincere feelings for Alberta, Troy's extramarital affair with her is a result of his prior disappointments and setbacks. He uses the affair as a temporary sense of power and liberation from the stresses and setbacks in his life. But when Alberta passes away while giving birth, Troy has to face the repercussions of his actions. The fact that Rose chose to raise Raynell, Alberta's child, while emotionally separating herself from Troy, highlights the damaging effects of his incapacity to make sense of his past and present.
The bond that Troy has with Lyons, his oldest son, emphasizes the lasting impact of his background. Troy frequently treats Lyons, a promising musician, with contempt and distrust. Troy is skeptical of creative endeavors since he believes they are unreliable and unrealistic as a result of his experiences. He reluctantly provides Lyons with financial assistance, but he does it with a disappointed and superior feeling since he cannot recognize his son's love of music. This interplay captures Troy's inner battle between his need to provide for his family and his ingrained conviction that hopes are unachievable in a society tainted by racial and economic inequities.
Furthermore, Troy's conversations with his friend Bono illuminate the persisting ties and common past that have shaped his current circumstances. Troy's strength and honesty are admirable to Bono; these attributes were developed throughout years of hardship. Their nearly thirty-year friendship is proof of the fortitude and camaraderie needed to face the challenging circumstances in their life. The perseverance of Troy's struggle against systematic oppression is highlighted by Bono's appreciation for Troy's will to confront racial injustices at work, as seen by Troy's inquiry into the reason why black employees are not permitted to operate trash trucks.
(NUMBER 9 VERSION 1)
(9)
A Government Driver on His Retirement vividly depicts the life and tragic end of a government driver who, after thirty-five years of faithful service, succumbs to reckless celebration upon his retirement. The storyline provides a critical look at the vanity of human existence and the inherent dangers of living a careless life.
The government driver, after years of adhering to strict rules, especially the prohibition against drinking and driving, is finally free from his duties. His retirement is a moment of great celebration, marking an end to his years of dedicated service without any record of mishaps. The poet describes the driver as someone who has pledged allegiance to sobriety while on duty, reflecting his commitment to his role and his country. The driver’s impending freedom signifies a release from the stringent regulations that governed his life, allowing him to indulge in previously forbidden pleasures, such as drinking.
Upon retirement, the driver decides to celebrate his newfound freedom by drinking excessively. This celebration is not only a personal indulgence but also a communal event, as he invites friends to join in his revelry. The driver’s intent to drink and drive home recklessly underscores a dramatic shift from his previous adherence to rules, revealing a deep-seated desire to compensate for years of self-restraint. His declaration that he will drink to forget his sufferings highlights the toll his years of service have taken on him, both physically and emotionally.
The government rewards the driver’s exemplary service with a brand new car, a symbol of appreciation and recognition for his undented record over three and a half decades. This gesture is meant to honor his diligence and loyalty, providing him with a tangible reminder of his accomplishments. However, the irony of this reward becomes painfully clear as the driver, in his state of inebriation, takes to the wheel of his new car. The car, intended as a gift for his service, becomes the instrument of his demise.
The driver’s overindulgence in alcohol leads to a loss of judgment and coordination, resulting in a fatal accident. The poet describes how the driver’s impaired vision and judgment cause him to crash the very car that was meant to celebrate his retirement. This tragic end serves as a powerful commentary on the dangers of reckless behavior and the fleeting nature of human life. The driver’s life, which had been characterized by careful adherence to rules and regulations, ends in a moment of careless abandon.
The driver’s death raises questions about the appropriateness of his reward and the nature of his legacy. On one hand, his thirty-five years of faithful service warrant recognition and celebration. The new car symbolizes the respect and gratitude of the government for his unwavering dedication. On the other hand, the driver’s inability to handle his newfound freedom responsibly leads to his untimely death, suggesting that his reward, while deserved, also contributed to his downfall.
(NUMBER 9 VERSION 2)
(9)
A Government Driver on His Retirement is a moving account of the life and terrible demise of a government driver who, upon retiring from thirty-five years of devoted service, recklessly celebrates his newfound freedom. The plot offers a critical examination of human conceit and the risks associated with leading a negligent life.
The government driver is finally relieved of his responsibilities after years of abiding by stringent regulations, including the ban on driving after intoxication. His retirement, which ends his years of devoted work without a record of accidents, is a cause for tremendous jubilation. The driver, according to the poet, has sworn devotion to sobriety while performing his job, demonstrating his dedication to both his nation and his position. With his coming liberation, the driver will no longer be subject to the strict rules that had previously restricted his life, enabling him to enjoy previously outlawed activities like drinking.
The driver chooses to indulge in binge drinking to commemorate his newfound freedom after retiring. He asks others to participate in his celebration, making it both a social gathering and a personal indulgence. The driver's intention to drink and drive home carelessly highlights a significant departure from his prior observance of the law and reveals a deep-seated desire to make up for years of self-control. His admission that he will drink to ignore his pains serves as a stark reminder of the physical and psychological toll that his years of duty have taken.
The government gives the driver a brand-new automobile as a token of gratitude and acknowledgment for his impeccable service over the course of three and a half decades. This is a physical memento of his achievements, given to him in appreciation for his hard work and devotion. When the driver gets behind the wheel of his new automobile while intoxicated, the absurdity of this gift becomes all too evident. The automobile, which was supposed to be a present for his service, ends up becoming the means of his death.
A deadly collision occurs as a result of the driver's impaired judgment and coordination brought on by their excessive alcohol consumption. The poet tells how the driver wrecks the automobile that was supposed to be a celebration of his retirement due to poor vision and judgment. This terrible outcome offers a potent remark on the perils of careless actions and the transient nature of human existence. The driver's life, which had previously been marked by meticulous observance of laws and regulations, comes to an abrupt end with reckless abandonment.
Concerns over the driver's legacy and the suitability of his prize are brought up by his passing. On the one hand, it is right that we celebrate and honor his thirty-five years of devoted service. The government's appreciation and thanks for his continuous devotion are symbolized by the new automobile. However, the driver's tragic death results from his incapacity to manage his newfound freedom appropriately, implying that although his award was well-deserved, it also played a role in his demise.
(NUMBER 10 VERSION 1)
(10)
The poet explores the dynamics of leadership and followership through the symbolic representation of animals in the animal kingdom. This metaphorical approach highlights the leadership challenges prevalent in African politics, particularly in Nigeria. The animals' quest to find a suitable leader serves as a critique of the qualities often found in human leaders and the reasons such qualities are rejected.
The poem opens with the lion staking his claim to leadership, reflecting how certain politicians assert their authority through dominance and fear. The lion’s ferocious nature and aggressive tactics make him an unsuitable leader, as the other animals are too frightened to challenge his rule. This mirrors the political landscape in Nigeria, where leaders often use intimidation and violence to maintain power, causing the masses to feel powerless and afraid to demand change.
The hyena is another animal whose leadership qualities are rejected due to his "lethal appetite." This symbolizes politicians who are motivated by personal gain and corruption, feeding off the resources meant for the public. The impalas, representing the people, shudder at the thought of being led by someone whose intentions are purely self-serving. This rejection highlights the need for leaders who prioritize the welfare of the masses over their own desires.
The elephant, despite being the largest and potentially most powerful animal, is also deemed unfit to lead. The other animals dread his "trampling feet," suggesting that his leadership style would be oppressive and dictatorial. This critique points to the rejection of leaders who use their power to dominate and control, rather than to serve and uplift their followers. It emphasizes that sheer size or power should not be the sole criteria for leadership; rather, it should be the ability to govern with fairness and respect.
The giraffe, with his lofty perspective, is rejected because "his eyes are too far from the ground." This symbolizes leaders who are out of touch with the realities and needs of the people they are supposed to serve. Such leaders fail to see and address the everyday struggles of the masses, making them ineffective and disconnected. This rejection underscores the importance of leaders who are empathetic and responsive to the concerns of their constituents.
The zebra is dismissed due to the "duplicity of his stripes," symbolizing leaders who are untrustworthy and inconsistent. The zebra's inability to inspire confidence and trust among the animals highlights the rejection of leaders who are perceived as deceitful and unreliable. Trustworthiness and integrity are essential qualities in leadership, as they ensure that leaders act in the best interest of those they lead.
The warthog and the rhino are also rejected based on their inherent traits. The warthog is seen as "too ugly," and the rhino is deemed "too riotous," reflecting the rejection of leaders who are either too unattractive in their conduct or too chaotic in their approach to governance. This critique emphasizes the need for leaders who present themselves with dignity and maintain order and stability.
(NUMBER 10 VERSION 2)
(10)
The poet uses metaphorical animal representations from the animal realm to examine the dynamics of leadership and followership. This allegoric method draws attention to the difficulties with leadership that are common in African politics, especially in Nigeria. The animals' search for a good leader is a critique of the traits that human leaders frequently possess and the reasons why these traits are disregarded.
The poem begins with the lion asserting his claim to leadership, alluding to the ways in which certain politicians use fear and intimidation to establish their power. since of his vicious demeanor and forceful methods, the lion is an inappropriate leader since the other animals are too afraid to oppose his authority. This is similar to the political climate in Nigeria, where politicians frequently resort to violence and intimidation in order to hold onto office, leaving the populace feeling helpless and unwilling to call for change.
Another animal whose leadership abilities are disregarded is the hyena because of his "lethal appetite." This represents corrupt politicians who use public funds for their own benefit as a source of motivation. The idea of being governed by someone whose goals are only self-serving makes the impalas, who stand in for the people, tremble. This rejection emphasizes how important it is for leaders to put the needs of the people above their own.
Even though it is the biggest and maybe strongest animal, the elephant is also considered unsuited to lead. The other animals fear his "trampling feet," implying that he will exercise repressive and autocratic control as leader. This critique highlights the need to reject leaders who abuse their position of authority in order to control and dominate their followers rather than to uplift and serve them. It highlights that the ability to rule with justice and respect should be the primary criterion for leadership, not one of mere bulk or force.
Because of his elevated viewpoint, the giraffe is disqualified because "his eyes are too far from the ground." This represents leaders who are disconnected from the needs and reality of the people they are meant to represent. These leaders are distant and ineffectual because they do not recognize and confront the common issues of the people. The significance of having leaders who are sympathetic and attentive to the needs of their community is highlighted by this refusal.
Because of the "duplicity of his stripes," which stands for leaders who are erratic and unreliable, the zebra is rejected. The animals' rejection of leaders who are viewed as dishonest and untrustworthy is shown by the zebra's failure to instill confidence and trust in them. Since they guarantee that leaders behave in the best interests of people they serve, trustworthiness and integrity are crucial traits in leaders.
Due to their natural characteristics, the warthog and the rhino are likewise rejected. The rhino is considered "too riotous," while the warthog is considered "too ugly," signifying the disapproval of leaders who are either too chaotic in their methods of government or too hideous in their behavior. This criticism highlights how important it is for leaders to uphold stability and order as well as conduct themselves with dignity.
(NUMBER 11 VERSION 1)
(11)
D.H. Lawrence explores the poet's deep-seated aversion to bats while highlighting the varied perceptions of this nocturnal creature across different cultures. The poet's attitude towards bats is one of disdain and disgust, vividly portrayed through his descriptive language and contrasting imagery.
The poem opens with a serene depiction of the evening in Italy, where the poet sits on a terrace, observing the tranquil scenery around the Ponte Vecchio bridge and the Arno River. This peaceful setting soon shifts as the poet notices "things are flying" in the evening sky. Initially, the poet describes the swallows with admiration, noting their graceful and acrobatic flight patterns. The swallows are seen as symbols of hope and fulfillment, especially for sailors who view their appearance as a sign of nearing their destination. This positive depiction of swallows sets the stage for a stark contrast when the poet turns his attention to bats.
As the night falls, the swallows give way to bats, marking a significant shift in the poem's tone. The poet's language becomes harsh and critical as he describes the bats' erratic and unsettling movements. The bats are portrayed as "wildly vindictive" and their flight is likened to the erratic flapping of "bits of umbrella." This imagery evokes a sense of chaos and malevolence, reflecting the poet's deep dislike for these creatures. The bats' presence in the night sky causes the poet unease, associating them with darkness, bad luck, and misfortune.
The poet's disdain for bats is further emphasized through vivid and repulsive descriptions. He describes how bats "hang themselves up like an old rag to sleep," painting a grotesque image of these creatures suspended in the air like "disgusting old rags." This comparison to rags underscores the poet's perception of bats as dirty and undesirable. The bat's nocturnal nature, flying madly overhead and swooping through the night, adds to the poet's sense of repulsion and discomfort.
In contrast to his own negative view, the poet acknowledges that bats are seen differently in other cultures. Specifically, in China, bats are considered symbols of happiness and good luck, even being consumed as food. This cultural difference highlights the subjective nature of perceptions and the idea that "one man's meat is another man's poison." Despite this acknowledgment, the poet firmly asserts his own stance with the declaration "Not for me," indicating that he cannot reconcile his disdain for bats with their positive symbolism in other cultures.
(NUMBER 11 VERSION 2)
(11)
D.H. Lawrence examines the poet's ingrained dislike of bats while pointing out the disparities in cultural perspectives toward this nocturnal animal. Through his use of contrasted imagery and detailed language, the poet effectively conveys his scorn and loathing towards bats.
The poem begins with a calm description of an evening in Italy, with the author sitting on a patio and taking in the peace and quiet around the Arno River and the Ponte Vecchio bridge. The serene scene quickly changes as the poet observes that "things are flying" in the night sky. The poet begins by praising the swallows and pointing out their elegant and acrobatic flying patterns. Particularly for sailors who regard the swallows' arrival as an indication that they are getting close to their objective, the birds are thought of as symbols of fulfillment and optimism. The poet's uplifting portrayal of swallows prepares the reader for a startling contrast when he discusses bats.
The poem's tone significantly changes as the swallows give way to bats as night falls. When describing the unpredictable and uncomfortable motions of the bats, the poet's tone turns harsh and caustic. It is said that the bats are "wildly vindictive" and that they flap their wings erratically like "bits of umbrella." The poet's intense distaste for these animals is reflected in the imagery, which conjures up images of pandemonium and malevolence. The poet feels uneasy about the bats' presence in the night sky because he associates them with disaster, ill luck, and gloom.
Vivid and disgusting descriptions further highlight the poet's contempt for bats. He paints a macabre picture of bats hanging in the air like "disgusting old rags," describing how they "hang themselves up like an old rag to sleep." The poet's opinion of bats as unclean and undesired is further supported by this analogy to rags. The nocturnal behavior of the bat—swooping through the night and flying erratically overhead—adds to the poet's feelings of discomfort and repulsiveness.
The poet admits that other civilizations have different perspectives on bats than his own pessimistic one. More specifically, bats are eaten in China, where they are revered as cuisine and seen as lucky charms. This cultural disparity emphasizes how perceptions are arbitrary and how "one man's meat is another man's poison." Even with this acknowledgement, the poet makes a strong statement about his personal position by saying, "Not for me," suggesting that he finds it impossible to reconcile his dislike of bats with their positive symbolic meaning in other cultures.
(NUMBER 12 VERSION 1)
(12)
In "The Journey of the Magi" by T.S. Eliot, the journey of the wise men to Bethlehem serves as a metaphor for the arduous and often challenging path of life. The poem delves into the various difficulties and obstacles faced by the travelers, which symbolize the broader human experience of struggle, perseverance, and ultimately, hope.
The journey begins inauspiciously, as the wise men set out during a harsh winter. The cold weather is not merely a backdrop but a significant source of discomfort and hardship. The severe conditions cause physical suffering for both the travelers and their animals. The camels' feet become swollen, and the wise men themselves are plagued by the biting cold, which saps their energy and resolve. This harsh environment underscores the physical toll that long and demanding journeys can take on individuals, highlighting the necessity of enduring through unfavorable conditions.
As the journey progresses, the wise men experience increasing frustration and fatigue. The physical difficulties of the journey are compounded by their mental and emotional strain. The constant grumbling, cursing, and murmuring among the travelers reflect their growing discontent and exhaustion. Their thoughts frequently turn to their comfortable homes, where they are accustomed to the luxury of servants and the presence of women who cater to their needs. This longing for comfort and the familiar further emphasizes the sacrifice and discomfort they endure on this journey.
The travelers also face external challenges, particularly the hostility and unfriendliness of the cities they pass through. These urban areas do not offer the warm welcome or hospitality the wise men might have hoped for. Instead, they encounter exorbitant prices for goods and services, adding to their frustration and sense of alienation. This experience highlights the difficulties of seeking refuge and support in unfamiliar or indifferent places, a common theme in the broader human journey.
Despite the numerous hardships, including doubts from their inner voices and the skepticism of those around them who deem the journey "folly," the wise men persist. Their perseverance in the face of adversity demonstrates their unwavering commitment to their goal. They do not turn back or abandon their quest, despite the many reasons to do so. This steadfastness serves as a powerful metaphor for the resilience required in life's journey, where persistence often leads to eventual fulfillment and success.
(NUMBER 12 VERSION 2)
(12)
T.S. Eliot uses the wise men's trip to Bethlehem in "The Journey of the Magi" as a metaphor for the difficult and sometimes difficult route of life. The poem explores the different challenges and roadblocks that the pilgrims encountered, which represent the larger human experience of hardship, tenacity, and eventually hope.
The wise men went off during a hard winter, an unlucky start to their mission. Not only is the cold a background, but it also causes a great deal of difficulty and misery. Both the passengers and their animals suffer physically as a result of the harsh circumstances. The wise men themselves suffer from the bitter cold, which depletes their strength and will, and the camels' feet swell. This challenging atmosphere emphasizes the physical toll that tough and lengthy travel can have on people, emphasizing the need of persevering through difficult circumstances.
The wise men get more and more tired and frustrated as they go. The mental and emotional strain of the voyage exacerbates the physical challenges. The passengers' continuous complaining, swearing, and whispering express their mounting weariness and dissatisfaction. Often, their minds go back to their cozy homes, where they are used to the luxury of having maids and ladies who take care of them. This want for familiarity and comfort highlights the hardships and sacrifices people make along the way.
The hostile and unwelcoming cities they pass through are among the outward difficulties that the travelers must overcome. The wise men may not have hoped for the kind welcome or hospitality that these metropolitan regions provide. Rather, they come across outrageous costs for products and services, which exacerbates their annoyance and feeling of isolation. This incident brings to light the challenges of looking for safety and assistance in strange or unwelcoming environments—a recurring motif throughout the longer human journey.
The voyage is met with suspicion by others around them who think it is "folly," as well as misgivings from their inner voices, but the wise men go on. Their tenacity in the face of difficulty reveals their unshakable dedication to their objective. Despite having plenty of reasons to give up and turn back, they continue on their journey. This steadiness acts as a potent metaphor for the resilience needed to navigate life's path, where perseverance frequently results in success and fulfillment in the end.
B. 2024 WAEC LITERATURE IN ENGLISH 2 (PROSE) ANSWERS
(NUMBER 1 VERSION 1)
(1)
In the novel Second Class Citizen, conflict is portrayed through the tumultuous marriage between Adah and Francis, revealing a relationship founded on selfish motives rather than mutual support and love. Adah is driven by a desire to work hard and contribute financially to her family, while Francis seeks to parasitically benefit from Adah's efforts without reciprocating.
Adah's dissatisfaction with her mother’s remarriage, which she perceives as a betrayal of her late father, exacerbates her sense of obligation to financially support her family. She dreams of marrying a wealthy man who would allow her mother and brother to live with her, thus solving many of her problems. However, the suitors she encounters are much older, and she cannot accept a marriage where she would be treated as a servant and have to refer to her husband as "Sir" even behind his back. In the Ibuza community from which Adah hails, marriage is viewed as a master-servant relationship where the woman is expected to serve the man, bear many children, and care for them with little or no assistance from the father. This patriarchal mindset deems the education of a girl-child unnecessary, believing it makes women arrogant and irresponsible. Consequently, Adah is not enrolled in school at a young age, even though her brother, Boy, is already attending school.
Despite these societal pressures, Adah marries Francis, a young man studying to become an accountant. Francis is impoverished and cannot afford the five hundred pounds bride price that Adah's family demands, given her college education, despite none of them contributing to her schooling. Adah’s family refuses to attend the wedding due to this unpaid bride price.
While it cannot be said that Adah and Francis's union is entirely devoid of love, Francis's actions and inactions reveal a parasitic relationship rather than a symbiotic one. Adah's hard work, passion for the family, and substantial salary sustain their marriage, as Francis refuses to find employment to support the family. He does nothing to promote the family's well-being and frequently writes home to his parents about issues that could be resolved between him and Adah, such as when Adah obtains a family-planning method without his consent.
To Francis, a woman in marriage is a second-class human being, expected to be available for sex at any time, bear numerous children, and face physical abuse if she refuses. Women are to wash clothes, have meals ready at all times, and are deemed incapable of intelligent conversation. Francis dismisses Adah's aspirations of becoming a writer, fearing his family’s disapproval if his wife were to publish a book.
Adah, despite being the breadwinner, faces maltreatment, beatings, assaults, insults, abandonment, and rejection. Francis neglects their children, ultimately rejecting them in court and expressing indifference about their adoption. The loveless nature of their marriage, as seen through Adah's perspective, stems from Francis's refusal to care for and respect the family. Adah resolves to raise her five children on her own, pledging never to let them down. She declares, "The children are mine, and that is enough. I shall never let them down as long as I live," signaling her determination and resilience in the face of Francis’s abandonment.
It portrays conflict through the deeply flawed marriage of Adah and Francis, highlighting issues of gender inequality, societal expectations, and the struggle for personal independence and dignity within oppressive structures.
(1)
In the novel Second Class Citizen, conflict is portrayed through the tumultuous marriage between Adah and Francis, revealing a relationship founded on selfish motives rather than mutual support and love. Adah is driven by a desire to work hard and contribute financially to her family, while Francis seeks to parasitically benefit from Adah's efforts without reciprocating.
Adah's dissatisfaction with her mother’s remarriage, which she perceives as a betrayal of her late father, exacerbates her sense of obligation to financially support her family. She dreams of marrying a wealthy man who would allow her mother and brother to live with her, thus solving many of her problems. However, the suitors she encounters are much older, and she cannot accept a marriage where she would be treated as a servant and have to refer to her husband as "Sir" even behind his back. In the Ibuza community from which Adah hails, marriage is viewed as a master-servant relationship where the woman is expected to serve the man, bear many children, and care for them with little or no assistance from the father. This patriarchal mindset deems the education of a girl-child unnecessary, believing it makes women arrogant and irresponsible. Consequently, Adah is not enrolled in school at a young age, even though her brother, Boy, is already attending school.
Despite these societal pressures, Adah marries Francis, a young man studying to become an accountant. Francis is impoverished and cannot afford the five hundred pounds bride price that Adah's family demands, given her college education, despite none of them contributing to her schooling. Adah’s family refuses to attend the wedding due to this unpaid bride price.
While it cannot be said that Adah and Francis's union is entirely devoid of love, Francis's actions and inactions reveal a parasitic relationship rather than a symbiotic one. Adah's hard work, passion for the family, and substantial salary sustain their marriage, as Francis refuses to find employment to support the family. He does nothing to promote the family's well-being and frequently writes home to his parents about issues that could be resolved between him and Adah, such as when Adah obtains a family-planning method without his consent.
To Francis, a woman in marriage is a second-class human being, expected to be available for sex at any time, bear numerous children, and face physical abuse if she refuses. Women are to wash clothes, have meals ready at all times, and are deemed incapable of intelligent conversation. Francis dismisses Adah's aspirations of becoming a writer, fearing his family’s disapproval if his wife were to publish a book.
Adah, despite being the breadwinner, faces maltreatment, beatings, assaults, insults, abandonment, and rejection. Francis neglects their children, ultimately rejecting them in court and expressing indifference about their adoption. The loveless nature of their marriage, as seen through Adah's perspective, stems from Francis's refusal to care for and respect the family. Adah resolves to raise her five children on her own, pledging never to let them down. She declares, "The children are mine, and that is enough. I shall never let them down as long as I live," signaling her determination and resilience in the face of Francis’s abandonment.
It portrays conflict through the deeply flawed marriage of Adah and Francis, highlighting issues of gender inequality, societal expectations, and the struggle for personal independence and dignity within oppressive structures.
(NUMBER 1 VERSION 2)
In the novel Second Class Citizen, conflict is illustrated through the troubled marriage of Adah and Francis, revealing a relationship based on selfish interests rather than mutual support and love. Adah is motivated by a desire to work hard and contribute financially to her family, while Francis aims to benefit parasitically from Adah's efforts without reciprocating.
Adah's discontent with her mother’s remarriage, which she sees as a betrayal of her late father, intensifies her sense of responsibility to financially support her family. She dreams of marrying a wealthy man who would allow her mother and brother to live with her, thus solving many of her problems. However, the suitors she meets are much older, and she cannot accept a marriage where she would be treated as a servant and have to call her husband "Sir" even in private. In Adah's Ibuza community, marriage is seen as a master-servant relationship where the woman is expected to serve the man, have many children, and care for them with little or no help from the father. This patriarchal belief deems the education of a girl unnecessary, believing it makes women arrogant and irresponsible. Consequently, Adah is not enrolled in school at a young age, while her brother, Boy, is already attending school.
Despite these societal pressures, Adah marries Francis, a young man studying to become an accountant. Francis is poor and cannot afford the five hundred pounds bride price that Adah's family demands due to her college education, even though none of them contributed to her schooling. Adah’s family refuses to attend the wedding because of this unpaid bride price.
While it cannot be said that Adah and Francis's marriage is completely devoid of love, Francis's actions and inactions reveal a parasitic rather than a symbiotic relationship. Adah's hard work, dedication to the family, and significant salary sustain their marriage, as Francis refuses to find work to support the family. He does nothing to promote the family's well-being and frequently writes to his parents about issues that could be resolved between him and Adah, such as when Adah obtains a family-planning method without his consent.
To Francis, a wife is a second-class human being, expected to be available for sex at any time, bear many children, and face physical abuse if she refuses. Women are to wash clothes, have meals ready at all times, and are considered incapable of intelligent conversation. Francis dismisses Adah's dreams of becoming a writer, fearing his family’s disapproval if his wife were to publish a book.
Despite being the breadwinner, Adah faces mistreatment, beatings, assaults, insults, abandonment, and rejection. Francis neglects their children, ultimately disowning them in court and showing indifference about their adoption. The loveless nature of their marriage, as seen through Adah's eyes, arises from Francis's refusal to care for and respect the family. Adah resolves to raise her five children alone, vowing never to let them down. She declares, "The children are mine, and that is enough. I shall never let them down as long as I live," showing her determination and resilience in the face of Francis’s abandonment.
It portrays conflict through the deeply flawed marriage of Adah and Francis, highlighting issues of gender inequality, societal expectations, and the struggle for personal independence and dignity within oppressive structures.
In the novel Second Class Citizen, conflict is illustrated through the troubled marriage of Adah and Francis, revealing a relationship based on selfish interests rather than mutual support and love. Adah is motivated by a desire to work hard and contribute financially to her family, while Francis aims to benefit parasitically from Adah's efforts without reciprocating.
Adah's discontent with her mother’s remarriage, which she sees as a betrayal of her late father, intensifies her sense of responsibility to financially support her family. She dreams of marrying a wealthy man who would allow her mother and brother to live with her, thus solving many of her problems. However, the suitors she meets are much older, and she cannot accept a marriage where she would be treated as a servant and have to call her husband "Sir" even in private. In Adah's Ibuza community, marriage is seen as a master-servant relationship where the woman is expected to serve the man, have many children, and care for them with little or no help from the father. This patriarchal belief deems the education of a girl unnecessary, believing it makes women arrogant and irresponsible. Consequently, Adah is not enrolled in school at a young age, while her brother, Boy, is already attending school.
Despite these societal pressures, Adah marries Francis, a young man studying to become an accountant. Francis is poor and cannot afford the five hundred pounds bride price that Adah's family demands due to her college education, even though none of them contributed to her schooling. Adah’s family refuses to attend the wedding because of this unpaid bride price.
While it cannot be said that Adah and Francis's marriage is completely devoid of love, Francis's actions and inactions reveal a parasitic rather than a symbiotic relationship. Adah's hard work, dedication to the family, and significant salary sustain their marriage, as Francis refuses to find work to support the family. He does nothing to promote the family's well-being and frequently writes to his parents about issues that could be resolved between him and Adah, such as when Adah obtains a family-planning method without his consent.
To Francis, a wife is a second-class human being, expected to be available for sex at any time, bear many children, and face physical abuse if she refuses. Women are to wash clothes, have meals ready at all times, and are considered incapable of intelligent conversation. Francis dismisses Adah's dreams of becoming a writer, fearing his family’s disapproval if his wife were to publish a book.
Despite being the breadwinner, Adah faces mistreatment, beatings, assaults, insults, abandonment, and rejection. Francis neglects their children, ultimately disowning them in court and showing indifference about their adoption. The loveless nature of their marriage, as seen through Adah's eyes, arises from Francis's refusal to care for and respect the family. Adah resolves to raise her five children alone, vowing never to let them down. She declares, "The children are mine, and that is enough. I shall never let them down as long as I live," showing her determination and resilience in the face of Francis’s abandonment.
It portrays conflict through the deeply flawed marriage of Adah and Francis, highlighting issues of gender inequality, societal expectations, and the struggle for personal independence and dignity within oppressive structures.
(NUMBER 1 VERSION 3)
(1)
The novel, Second Class Citizen, portrays the quest for equal treatment, self confidence and dignity of women where the Writer conveys the autobiography of Adah Ofili to debunk racial discrimination, gender discrimination, irresponsible husbandhood, early marriage, Patriarchy (male dominance) to convey her literary taxonomies
The issue in question is the conflict of marriage which will be explicated in the subsequent paragraphs
The conflict of marriage is portrayed in the novel. Here, marriage without love is pivotal in the novel. The marriage between Adah Ofili and Francis is not found on genuine love. Both of them seem to have stuck on each other on basis of conveniences. Adah stuck to Francis because she had no relative kind enough to take her. In short, Adah has no home to call her own.
Another salient conflict in the novel is that even Adah earns most of the family's money, Francis considers it his. He also beats Adah physically and attack her emotionally. He burns his wife's manuscript too out of spite and jealousy. In the end, Francis refuses to even take responsibility for his own children.
Marriage in Second Class Citizen is also significant because it involves Adah, the protagonist, Francis, the husband as well as the wider communities in both Nigeria and England. The conflict of marriage is paramount in a patriarchal society where men are superior and women must accept and play their role as inferior partners. Men own and use their women as property. Here, Adah Ofili struggles against the patriarchal notion. Adah is portrayed as a woman who questions the dependent act of men and struggle to free herself. Adah is born into the contest of the conflict of marriage and her personality is shattered by the conflict of marriage.
The determination and optimism that she had expressed in the beginning of the novel has vanished, she is now a " post colonial entity" because of the conflict of marriage as Francis treated Adah as a domestic animal in the novel
In the final analysis, the conflict of marriage pushes Adah to become a victim of circumstance in a patriarchal society in the hand of Francis that is the most unredeemable villain in African literature, instead of helping Adah to develop the creative potential which she obviously has which she uses to support him. Francis only proves to be an obstacle calling women brainless and Adah's work rubbish. Francis destroys her manuscript.
In the final act to reclaim her agency, Adah decided to claim divorce from her husband. She suffers various obstacles, but finally abandons him leaving with her four children.
(1)
The novel, Second Class Citizen, portrays the quest for equal treatment, self confidence and dignity of women where the Writer conveys the autobiography of Adah Ofili to debunk racial discrimination, gender discrimination, irresponsible husbandhood, early marriage, Patriarchy (male dominance) to convey her literary taxonomies
The issue in question is the conflict of marriage which will be explicated in the subsequent paragraphs
The conflict of marriage is portrayed in the novel. Here, marriage without love is pivotal in the novel. The marriage between Adah Ofili and Francis is not found on genuine love. Both of them seem to have stuck on each other on basis of conveniences. Adah stuck to Francis because she had no relative kind enough to take her. In short, Adah has no home to call her own.
Another salient conflict in the novel is that even Adah earns most of the family's money, Francis considers it his. He also beats Adah physically and attack her emotionally. He burns his wife's manuscript too out of spite and jealousy. In the end, Francis refuses to even take responsibility for his own children.
Marriage in Second Class Citizen is also significant because it involves Adah, the protagonist, Francis, the husband as well as the wider communities in both Nigeria and England. The conflict of marriage is paramount in a patriarchal society where men are superior and women must accept and play their role as inferior partners. Men own and use their women as property. Here, Adah Ofili struggles against the patriarchal notion. Adah is portrayed as a woman who questions the dependent act of men and struggle to free herself. Adah is born into the contest of the conflict of marriage and her personality is shattered by the conflict of marriage.
The determination and optimism that she had expressed in the beginning of the novel has vanished, she is now a " post colonial entity" because of the conflict of marriage as Francis treated Adah as a domestic animal in the novel
In the final analysis, the conflict of marriage pushes Adah to become a victim of circumstance in a patriarchal society in the hand of Francis that is the most unredeemable villain in African literature, instead of helping Adah to develop the creative potential which she obviously has which she uses to support him. Francis only proves to be an obstacle calling women brainless and Adah's work rubbish. Francis destroys her manuscript.
In the final act to reclaim her agency, Adah decided to claim divorce from her husband. She suffers various obstacles, but finally abandons him leaving with her four children.
(NUMBER 4 VERSION 1)
(4)
Nii’s rejection of Linda’s advances is portrayed through several pivotal points that emphasize his moral integrity, sense of loyalty, and the pressures he faces. Linda persistently tries to convince Nii to travel to Lagos with her, exploiting his difficult situation at home. Despite her relentless efforts, Nii begins to understand her ulterior motive. She offers herself to him as an incentive, revealing her willingness to exploit his vulnerability. Linda’s explicit offer, “I will let you have me for free here and in Lagos, too… I know your wife is sick, quite sick and has not been well for a long time”, underscores her manipulative intentions.
Nii is taken aback by Linda’s lewd proposition. He grapples with the moral dilemma she presents, likening it to the biblical temptation of Joseph. As he tries to discern her true intentions, Linda reveals her need for a British Visa to join her husband in London, a visa she cannot obtain in Ghana. This revelation adds complexity to Nii’s predicament, as Linda’s desperation contrasts with his own ethical boundaries and sense of loyalty to his sick wife.
Linda's desperation becomes clear when she confides that her only opportunity to obtain a British Visa is to go to Nigeria and acquire it there, leveraging Nii’s Nigerian nationality to facilitate her entry. She proposes a deceitful plan for Nii to pose as her husband, which would circumvent bureaucratic obstacles. This plan puts Nii in a tight spot, challenging his integrity and loyalty to his wife and his principles.
Faced with an impossible choice and unable to walk home due to the curfew, Nii devises a clever escape plan. Stripping off his clothes, he puts them in his bag and runs towards the soldiers at the barrier, shouting about the curfew and pretending to be intoxicated. This ruse works, and the soldiers escort him home, admonishing him to respect the law. Nii’s quick thinking not only extricates him from the immediate danger but also symbolizes his rejection of Linda’s unethical proposition and his commitment to uphold his moral values.
Throughout the encounter, Nii's loyalty to his ailing wife remains steadfast. Despite Linda’s temptations and his own challenging circumstances, Nii does not waver in his commitment to his wife. His refusal to accept Linda's offer, even when she exploits his wife’s illness to manipulate him, underscores his deep sense of loyalty and ethical integrity. Nii’s actions reflect his unwavering dedication to his wife’s well-being, despite the allure of escaping his own troubles.
Linda employs manipulative tactics, preying on Nii's vulnerable situation and offering sexual favors to secure her visa. Nii’s resistance to her advances highlights his moral fortitude and his awareness of the ethical implications of her proposal. By rejecting Linda, Nii demonstrates his unwillingness to compromise his values, even in the face of personal hardship and temptation.
Nii’s encounter with Linda also serves as a broader commentary on societal and ethical issues. Linda’s willingness to use deceit and manipulation to achieve her goals reflects societal pressures and moral compromises people are sometimes forced to consider. Nii’s rejection of her advances and his clever escape highlight the importance of maintaining personal integrity and ethical standards, even in difficult circumstances.
Nii's rejection of Linda’s advances in Unexpected Joy at Dawn is a complex interplay of moral integrity, loyalty, and quick thinking. Nii’s actions underscore his commitment to his wife and his principles, providing a powerful example of ethical steadfastness in the face of temptation and adversity. Through this narrative, the novel explores the themes of loyalty, integrity, and the ethical challenges individuals face, illustrating the profound impact of personal choices on one's character and relationships.
(NUMBER 5 VERSION 1)
(5)
The epilogue of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man is a critical component of the novel, providing a profound reflection on the narrator's journey and its broader implications. In this concluding section, the narrator’s stay in the underground serves as a metaphorical and literal representation of his realization of invisibility and the society's persistent refusal to see him as an individual.
One significant point in the epilogue is the narrator’s introspective journey. The narrator acknowledges that throughout his life, he has been conforming to the desires and expectations of others, effectively erasing his identity. He states, “I have also been called one thing and then answer while no one really wished to hear what I called myself. So after years of lying to adopt the opinions of others, I finally rebelled. I am an invisible man”. This confession highlights his realization that he has been living a lie, shaped by others' perceptions and definitions of him. His rebellion against these imposed identities signifies a crucial moment of self-awareness and rejection of societal conformity.
The epilogue also delves into the narrator's reflections on his grandfather’s last words, which have haunted him throughout the novel. His grandfather’s advice to “overcome ’em with yeses” and to “undermine ’em with grins” has been a source of confusion and contemplation. In the epilogue, the narrator continues to struggle with the meaning of these words, indicating his ongoing quest for understanding and self-definition. This internal conflict underscores the complexity of his journey toward self-realization and the challenges of navigating a society that denies his individuality.
Another critical point in the epilogue is the encounter with Mr. Norton in the subway. Mr. Norton, a key figure from the narrator’s past, fails to recognize him, symbolizing the extent of the narrator’s invisibility. Norton’s escape onto another train leaves the narrator feeling depressed and reinforces his sense of being unseen and unrecognized. This moment encapsulates the broader societal blindness to the individuality and humanity of black people, a central theme of the novel.
The narrator’s purpose in writing his story is also a significant aspect of the epilogue. He muses on the pain and suffering he has endured but refuses to let these experiences define his existence. He approaches life with a complex mix of hate and love, determined to retain his humanity. He expresses a desire to become more human, like his grandfather, who embodies a resilient spirit. This determination to maintain his humanity despite the dehumanizing experiences he has faced is a powerful testament to his strength and resilience.
Finally, the narrator resolves to end his hibernation and re-engage with the world. He states, “I’m shaking off the old skin and I’ll leave it here in the hole. I’m coming out, no less invisible without it, but coming out nevertheless… who knows but that, on the lower frequencies, I speak for you?”. This decision to emerge from his self-imposed isolation signifies a renewed commitment to confront society and assert his identity. The rhetorical question with which he ends the narrative suggests that his experiences and insights may resonate with others who feel similarly unseen and unheard.
The epilogue is significant as it encapsulates the narrator's journey toward self-awareness and his rejection of societal conformity. Through his introspective reflections, the unresolved questions about his grandfather’s words, the encounter with Mr. Norton, his purpose in writing, and his decision to re-engage with the world, the narrator articulates a powerful message about the struggle for identity and recognition in a society that denies individuality. The epilogue not only provides closure to the narrator’s story but also invites readers to reflect on their own visibility and the societal structures that shape their identities.
(5)
The epilogue of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man is a critical component of the novel, providing a profound reflection on the narrator's journey and its broader implications. In this concluding section, the narrator’s stay in the underground serves as a metaphorical and literal representation of his realization of invisibility and the society's persistent refusal to see him as an individual.
One significant point in the epilogue is the narrator’s introspective journey. The narrator acknowledges that throughout his life, he has been conforming to the desires and expectations of others, effectively erasing his identity. He states, “I have also been called one thing and then answer while no one really wished to hear what I called myself. So after years of lying to adopt the opinions of others, I finally rebelled. I am an invisible man”. This confession highlights his realization that he has been living a lie, shaped by others' perceptions and definitions of him. His rebellion against these imposed identities signifies a crucial moment of self-awareness and rejection of societal conformity.
The epilogue also delves into the narrator's reflections on his grandfather’s last words, which have haunted him throughout the novel. His grandfather’s advice to “overcome ’em with yeses” and to “undermine ’em with grins” has been a source of confusion and contemplation. In the epilogue, the narrator continues to struggle with the meaning of these words, indicating his ongoing quest for understanding and self-definition. This internal conflict underscores the complexity of his journey toward self-realization and the challenges of navigating a society that denies his individuality.
Another critical point in the epilogue is the encounter with Mr. Norton in the subway. Mr. Norton, a key figure from the narrator’s past, fails to recognize him, symbolizing the extent of the narrator’s invisibility. Norton’s escape onto another train leaves the narrator feeling depressed and reinforces his sense of being unseen and unrecognized. This moment encapsulates the broader societal blindness to the individuality and humanity of black people, a central theme of the novel.
The narrator’s purpose in writing his story is also a significant aspect of the epilogue. He muses on the pain and suffering he has endured but refuses to let these experiences define his existence. He approaches life with a complex mix of hate and love, determined to retain his humanity. He expresses a desire to become more human, like his grandfather, who embodies a resilient spirit. This determination to maintain his humanity despite the dehumanizing experiences he has faced is a powerful testament to his strength and resilience.
Finally, the narrator resolves to end his hibernation and re-engage with the world. He states, “I’m shaking off the old skin and I’ll leave it here in the hole. I’m coming out, no less invisible without it, but coming out nevertheless… who knows but that, on the lower frequencies, I speak for you?”. This decision to emerge from his self-imposed isolation signifies a renewed commitment to confront society and assert his identity. The rhetorical question with which he ends the narrative suggests that his experiences and insights may resonate with others who feel similarly unseen and unheard.
The epilogue is significant as it encapsulates the narrator's journey toward self-awareness and his rejection of societal conformity. Through his introspective reflections, the unresolved questions about his grandfather’s words, the encounter with Mr. Norton, his purpose in writing, and his decision to re-engage with the world, the narrator articulates a powerful message about the struggle for identity and recognition in a society that denies individuality. The epilogue not only provides closure to the narrator’s story but also invites readers to reflect on their own visibility and the societal structures that shape their identities.
(NUMBER 6 VERSION 1)
(6)
The use of blindness as a metaphor in the novel plays a central role in exploring themes of identity, invisibility, and societal indifference. The novel delves into the narrator's and Tod Clifton's struggles with conflicting pressures and their uncertainty about their roles in a racially dominated society. This exploration is deeply intertwined with the concept of blindness, which serves as a powerful metaphor for the inability of society to see and acknowledge the true identities and humanity of black individuals.
The narrator's journey is marked by a search for identity in a society that constantly attempts to define him. As he states at the beginning of the novel, “All my life I had been looking for something, and everywhere I turned something tries to tell me what it was.” This quote encapsulates his struggle to find his place and understand himself amidst external pressures and societal expectations. His blackness is a significant part of his identity, but the societal blindness to his individuality and humanity exacerbates his invisibility.
One key example of this metaphor is the narrator's experience at the Liberty Paint Plant. Initially, he is hopeful that working there will offer him equality and a sense of belonging with the white workers. However, this hope is quickly shattered as he realizes that the plant is merely another setting where his identity is obscured and exploited. This realization marks the beginning of his endless search for identity, highlighting how societal blindness extends beyond race to encompass any system that refuses to see individuals for who they truly are.
The Brotherhood, a political organization that claims to fight racism and inequality, further illustrates the theme of blindness. The narrator initially believes that the Brotherhood will help him find his identity and provide a systematic way of thinking about the world. He embraces their ideology and structures his identity around it, only to discover that the organization is willing to sacrifice him for its own interests. The Brotherhood's failure to see the narrator as an individual with his own needs and aspirations, instead of just a tool for their cause, underscores the pervasive blindness within even well-intentioned movements.
Tod Clifton’s fate also exemplifies this metaphor. Clifton's disillusionment with the Brotherhood and his subsequent tragic end demonstrate how societal blindness and betrayal extend to those who seek to challenge or redefine their roles. Clifton's decision to leave the Brotherhood and his untimely death reflect the harsh reality faced by those who struggle to assert their identities in a society that refuses to see them.
The theme of invisibility is another aspect of this metaphor. The narrator adopts invisibility as a means of expressing himself in a society that is unsafe for black individuals. He is visible only on the surface, but truly invisible to those around him. This invisibility becomes a shield and a means of survival, allowing him to navigate a hostile world. At the beginning of the novel, he tries to explain his invisibility: “I am an invisible man… I have been surrounded by mirrors of hard and distorted glass. When they approach me, they only see my surroundings. I am not complaining, nor am I protesting either. It is sometimes advantageous to be unseen”. This statement reflects his acceptance of invisibility as a double-edged sword – it provides protection but also perpetuates his marginalization.
The societal blindness to the conditions and identities of black individuals is a critical element of the novel. The white race's inability to recognize and affirm the humanity of black people renders them "vision-less." This metaphorical blindness prevents any meaningful recognition or validation of the narrator’s and others’ identities, forcing them into a state of perpetual invisibility. The narrator’s decision to go underground and later resurface signifies his plan to fight back against racial prejudice and cast off his invisibility. His underground retreat symbolizes a period of introspection and preparation for a more assertive and visible existence.
The metaphor of blindness in Invisible Man is integral to understanding the novel's exploration of identity, invisibility, and societal indifference. It highlights the pervasive inability of society to see and acknowledge the true identities and humanity of black individuals. Through the narrator’s and Clifton’s experiences, Ellison underscores the destructive impact of this blindness and the necessity of confronting and overcoming it to achieve true self-awareness and societal recognition.
(6)
The use of blindness as a metaphor in the novel plays a central role in exploring themes of identity, invisibility, and societal indifference. The novel delves into the narrator's and Tod Clifton's struggles with conflicting pressures and their uncertainty about their roles in a racially dominated society. This exploration is deeply intertwined with the concept of blindness, which serves as a powerful metaphor for the inability of society to see and acknowledge the true identities and humanity of black individuals.
The narrator's journey is marked by a search for identity in a society that constantly attempts to define him. As he states at the beginning of the novel, “All my life I had been looking for something, and everywhere I turned something tries to tell me what it was.” This quote encapsulates his struggle to find his place and understand himself amidst external pressures and societal expectations. His blackness is a significant part of his identity, but the societal blindness to his individuality and humanity exacerbates his invisibility.
One key example of this metaphor is the narrator's experience at the Liberty Paint Plant. Initially, he is hopeful that working there will offer him equality and a sense of belonging with the white workers. However, this hope is quickly shattered as he realizes that the plant is merely another setting where his identity is obscured and exploited. This realization marks the beginning of his endless search for identity, highlighting how societal blindness extends beyond race to encompass any system that refuses to see individuals for who they truly are.
The Brotherhood, a political organization that claims to fight racism and inequality, further illustrates the theme of blindness. The narrator initially believes that the Brotherhood will help him find his identity and provide a systematic way of thinking about the world. He embraces their ideology and structures his identity around it, only to discover that the organization is willing to sacrifice him for its own interests. The Brotherhood's failure to see the narrator as an individual with his own needs and aspirations, instead of just a tool for their cause, underscores the pervasive blindness within even well-intentioned movements.
Tod Clifton’s fate also exemplifies this metaphor. Clifton's disillusionment with the Brotherhood and his subsequent tragic end demonstrate how societal blindness and betrayal extend to those who seek to challenge or redefine their roles. Clifton's decision to leave the Brotherhood and his untimely death reflect the harsh reality faced by those who struggle to assert their identities in a society that refuses to see them.
The theme of invisibility is another aspect of this metaphor. The narrator adopts invisibility as a means of expressing himself in a society that is unsafe for black individuals. He is visible only on the surface, but truly invisible to those around him. This invisibility becomes a shield and a means of survival, allowing him to navigate a hostile world. At the beginning of the novel, he tries to explain his invisibility: “I am an invisible man… I have been surrounded by mirrors of hard and distorted glass. When they approach me, they only see my surroundings. I am not complaining, nor am I protesting either. It is sometimes advantageous to be unseen”. This statement reflects his acceptance of invisibility as a double-edged sword – it provides protection but also perpetuates his marginalization.
The societal blindness to the conditions and identities of black individuals is a critical element of the novel. The white race's inability to recognize and affirm the humanity of black people renders them "vision-less." This metaphorical blindness prevents any meaningful recognition or validation of the narrator’s and others’ identities, forcing them into a state of perpetual invisibility. The narrator’s decision to go underground and later resurface signifies his plan to fight back against racial prejudice and cast off his invisibility. His underground retreat symbolizes a period of introspection and preparation for a more assertive and visible existence.
The metaphor of blindness in Invisible Man is integral to understanding the novel's exploration of identity, invisibility, and societal indifference. It highlights the pervasive inability of society to see and acknowledge the true identities and humanity of black individuals. Through the narrator’s and Clifton’s experiences, Ellison underscores the destructive impact of this blindness and the necessity of confronting and overcoming it to achieve true self-awareness and societal recognition.
(NUMBER 7 VERSION 1)
(7)
The intense and multifaceted relationship between Heathcliff and Hindley serves as a central axis around which much of the novel's drama revolves. Heathcliff's hatred for Hindley is deeply rooted in their tumultuous childhood and is perpetuated by a series of events that heighten their mutual animosity. This essay examines the reasons behind Heathcliff's profound hatred for Hindley, emphasizing the themes of revenge, social inequality, and the destructive nature of hate.
Heathcliff's hatred for Hindley begins in their childhood when Hindley is jealous of the affection Mr. Earnshaw, his father, shows to Heathcliff. Heathcliff, an orphan taken in by Mr. Earnshaw, quickly becomes the favored child, much to Hindley's resentment. This favoritism breeds animosity in Hindley, who perceives Heathcliff as a usurper of his rightful place in the family. As a result, Hindley treats Heathcliff cruelly, attempting to assert his dominance and re-establish his position as the favored son. This early mistreatment sows the seeds of Heathcliff's enduring hatred.
Upon Mr. Earnshaw's death, Hindley inherits Wuthering Heights and immediately relegates Heathcliff to the status of a servant, stripping him of any privileges he previously enjoyed. This demotion is a significant turning point for Heathcliff, who internalizes the injustice and begins to harbor a deep desire for revenge. Hindley's abuse of power and his efforts to degrade Heathcliff only serve to deepen the latter's resentment and solidify his determination to exact vengeance. This power dynamic underscores the theme of social inequality, as Heathcliff's marginalized position fuels his hatred and motivates his quest for retribution.
Heathcliff's return to Wuthering Heights as an adult marks the beginning of his calculated revenge against Hindley. By this time, Hindley has become a shadow of his former self, succumbing to alcoholism and squandering his family's fortune. Heathcliff exploits Hindley's weaknesses, lending him money with the aim of eventually taking over Wuthering Heights. This financial manipulation is a direct result of Heathcliff's long-standing grudge and his desire to see Hindley suffer. The hatred that Heathcliff harbors is not just a passive feeling but an active force driving his actions and decisions.
The death of Catherine, who is the love of Heathcliff's life, further exacerbates his hatred for Hindley. Catherine's death is a pivotal moment in the novel, intensifying Heathcliff's already powerful emotions. Heathcliff blames Hindley, among others, for contributing to the circumstances that led to Catherine's demise. This blame manifests in violent confrontations, such as the night when Heathcliff, after keeping vigil at Catherine’s grave, is locked out by Hindley. Hindley's intention to kill Heathcliff that night, as revealed by Isabella, only escalates the conflict. The physical violence that ensues between them is emblematic of the deep-seated hatred that cannot be resolved through mere words.
Heathcliff's hatred extends beyond Hindley to encompass other characters such as Edgar Linton and even, to some extent, Catherine herself. However, Hindley remains a primary target due to their shared history and the personal nature of their grievances. Heathcliff's need for revenge is a driving force in the novel, intertwining with themes of hate and selfishness. His actions are not merely reactive but are part of a broader strategy to undermine and destroy those he perceives as his enemies.
The destructive nature of Heathcliff's hatred is evident in the overall impact it has on the lives of those around him, including Hindley's son, Hareton. After Hindley's death, Heathcliff assumes control of Wuthering Heights and raises Hareton in much the same way he was treated, perpetuating a cycle of abuse and vengeance. This cyclical nature of hate and revenge highlights the novel's exploration of how these emotions can corrupt and destroy individuals and their relationships.
(7)
The intense and multifaceted relationship between Heathcliff and Hindley serves as a central axis around which much of the novel's drama revolves. Heathcliff's hatred for Hindley is deeply rooted in their tumultuous childhood and is perpetuated by a series of events that heighten their mutual animosity. This essay examines the reasons behind Heathcliff's profound hatred for Hindley, emphasizing the themes of revenge, social inequality, and the destructive nature of hate.
Heathcliff's hatred for Hindley begins in their childhood when Hindley is jealous of the affection Mr. Earnshaw, his father, shows to Heathcliff. Heathcliff, an orphan taken in by Mr. Earnshaw, quickly becomes the favored child, much to Hindley's resentment. This favoritism breeds animosity in Hindley, who perceives Heathcliff as a usurper of his rightful place in the family. As a result, Hindley treats Heathcliff cruelly, attempting to assert his dominance and re-establish his position as the favored son. This early mistreatment sows the seeds of Heathcliff's enduring hatred.
Upon Mr. Earnshaw's death, Hindley inherits Wuthering Heights and immediately relegates Heathcliff to the status of a servant, stripping him of any privileges he previously enjoyed. This demotion is a significant turning point for Heathcliff, who internalizes the injustice and begins to harbor a deep desire for revenge. Hindley's abuse of power and his efforts to degrade Heathcliff only serve to deepen the latter's resentment and solidify his determination to exact vengeance. This power dynamic underscores the theme of social inequality, as Heathcliff's marginalized position fuels his hatred and motivates his quest for retribution.
Heathcliff's return to Wuthering Heights as an adult marks the beginning of his calculated revenge against Hindley. By this time, Hindley has become a shadow of his former self, succumbing to alcoholism and squandering his family's fortune. Heathcliff exploits Hindley's weaknesses, lending him money with the aim of eventually taking over Wuthering Heights. This financial manipulation is a direct result of Heathcliff's long-standing grudge and his desire to see Hindley suffer. The hatred that Heathcliff harbors is not just a passive feeling but an active force driving his actions and decisions.
The death of Catherine, who is the love of Heathcliff's life, further exacerbates his hatred for Hindley. Catherine's death is a pivotal moment in the novel, intensifying Heathcliff's already powerful emotions. Heathcliff blames Hindley, among others, for contributing to the circumstances that led to Catherine's demise. This blame manifests in violent confrontations, such as the night when Heathcliff, after keeping vigil at Catherine’s grave, is locked out by Hindley. Hindley's intention to kill Heathcliff that night, as revealed by Isabella, only escalates the conflict. The physical violence that ensues between them is emblematic of the deep-seated hatred that cannot be resolved through mere words.
Heathcliff's hatred extends beyond Hindley to encompass other characters such as Edgar Linton and even, to some extent, Catherine herself. However, Hindley remains a primary target due to their shared history and the personal nature of their grievances. Heathcliff's need for revenge is a driving force in the novel, intertwining with themes of hate and selfishness. His actions are not merely reactive but are part of a broader strategy to undermine and destroy those he perceives as his enemies.
The destructive nature of Heathcliff's hatred is evident in the overall impact it has on the lives of those around him, including Hindley's son, Hareton. After Hindley's death, Heathcliff assumes control of Wuthering Heights and raises Hareton in much the same way he was treated, perpetuating a cycle of abuse and vengeance. This cyclical nature of hate and revenge highlights the novel's exploration of how these emotions can corrupt and destroy individuals and their relationships.
(8)
The death of Mr. Earnshaw, the patriarch of Wuthering Heights, marks a significant turning point in the fortunes of Heathcliff, the central character in Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights. This explores the profound impact of Mr. Earnshaw's death on Heathcliff's life and the subsequent chain of events that unfold as a result.
Firstly, Mr. Earnshaw's preference for Heathcliff over his biological son, Hindley, creates a rift within the family dynamic. Despite Hindley's resentment towards Heathcliff, Mr. Earnshaw's favoritism ensures that Heathcliff enjoys a privileged position within the household. This preferential treatment exacerbates Hindley's animosity towards Heathcliff, laying the groundwork for future conflicts between the two foster brothers. Mr. Earnshaw's decision to bring Heathcliff into the family thus sets the stage for the tumultuous events that follow.
Secondly, Mr. Earnshaw's death precipitates a power shift within Wuthering Heights, as Hindley inherits the estate upon his father's passing. Hindley's ascension to the role of master further marginalizes Heathcliff, who is relegated to the status of a servant within his own home. This reversal of fortune intensifies Heathcliff's sense of betrayal and fuels his desire for revenge against Hindley and those associated with him. The loss of his foster father not only deprives Heathcliff of a protector but also exposes him to Hindley's vindictive nature, setting the stage for their bitter rivalry.
Furthermore, Mr. Earnshaw's death indirectly contributes to the deterioration of Heathcliff's relationship with Catherine Earnshaw, his childhood companion and unrequited love. With Mr. Earnshaw's passing, Catherine's familial obligations and societal expectations compel her to consider marriage to Edgar Linton, despite her deep affection for Heathcliff. This development not only devastates Heathcliff but also sets in motion a chain of events that culminate in tragedy for all involved. The absence of Mr. Earnshaw deprives Heathcliff of a potential ally in his pursuit of Catherine's love, further isolating him in his grief and resentment.
Moreover, Mr. Earnshaw's death underscores the theme of mortality that permeates the novel, as characters grapple with loss and the transient nature of life. The deaths of Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw, along with other characters throughout the narrative, serve as reminders of the fragility of existence and the inevitability of death. Heathcliff, in particular, is haunted by the specter of mortality, as he wrestles with the memories of his departed loved ones and the futility of his own existence.
The death of Mr. Earnshaw reverberates throughout Wuthering Heights, profoundly impacting the trajectory of Heathcliff's life and shaping the course of the novel. From setting the stage for familial discord to deepening Heathcliff's sense of betrayal and loss, Mr. Earnshaw's death serves as a catalyst for the unfolding tragedy that ensnares the characters of Emily Bronte's iconic novel.
C. 2024 WAEC LITERATURE IN ENGLISH 1 (OBJECTIVE) ANSWERS
1-10: ACDDCADBAC
11-20: DBDADABAAC
21-30: DCCAABCDBA
31-40: DCDBCCDADC
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11-20: DBDADABAAC
21-30: DCCAABCDBA
31-40: DCDBCCDADC
41-50: BACCCBBBDB
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5 Comments
Thanks alot... I would be better if the question is attached
ReplyDeleteNICE one
ReplyDeleteKeep it up
It ok , but I think it was mama orojo will should discuss about in the theory and pls which time are will going to drama and poetry
ReplyDeletePls how can I go about this
ReplyDeletePls. Is there a column where they post testimonies about the waec results
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