![2023 WAEC Literature (Prose, OBJ, Drama & Poetry) Answers [26th May]](https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T024q_medCM/WnP5kDhgOJI/AAAAAAAAAio/eU-2YkbTJWMs3FuqR_2ZRBp928Xor7-EQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/WAEC%2BLOGO.png "2023 WAEC Literature (Prose, OBJ, Drama & Poetry) Answers [26th May]")
Literature-In-English 1 (Objective) – 10:45am – 11:45am
Literature-In-English 3 (Drama & Poetry) – 3:00pm – 5:30pm
A. 2023 WAEC LITERATURE IN ENGLISH 3 (DRAMA AND POETRY) ANSWERS
(1)
The play explores the spate of cabal or conspiracy which is a
secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act.
The conspirators in this play includes Lamboi and Musa. One of their
selfish aims or objectives is not only to take charge of the chiefdom
but also to kill and maim at will.
Firstly, Lamboi together with
Musa, the seer and medicine man nurses a plan to poison and have chief
Gbanya murdered for passing the Chiefdom to Yoko, a mere woman. Lamboi
then compels Musa to poison chief with Alligator gall when Yoko is not
available in the courtyard. Part of Lamboi bitterness is the fact that
he advised Gbanya not to undertake the Caulker campaign, but Yoko told
him she needed more slaves to work on the farm he’d given her, so they
had to go to war which was not their own. Consequently, many of their
finest fighters, young men died just to satisfy the want of a woman. The
fear of Yoko turning the chiefdom and leading Senehun astray makes them
come with their plan to eliminate Gbanya.
In addition, as soon as Lamboi’s plan to take over from Gbanya yield no fruit.
This
time around, they intend to kidnap and kill Ndapi’s daughter, Jeneba,
bury her in a shallow grave. They will therefore trick and manipulate
the people to believe Yoko used her as a sacrifice for more power and
authority.
OR
(3)
The
play opens in the morning, near the village center on the edge of the
market. The ‘bush’ school, that is, the village school Lakunle, the
school teacher is nearly twenty-three years old, dressed in an “old
style and worn-out English suit, rough but not ragged, but clearly “a
size or two too small”. Sidi carried a pail of water on her head and
Lakunle complains bitterly about such an act because she is at risk of
shortening her neck and also because she has exposed her shoulders for
everyone in the village to feast his lustful eyes on. Sidi defends such
an action when she says at she decides to fold the wrapper high so that
she can breathe, and Lakunle insists that she could have worn something
on top as most model do. Sidi becomes furious and reprimands Lakunle to
desist from being a village gossip and also calls him “the mad man/of
llunjunle. because of his meaningless words, but Lakunle is undaunted
because he feels that women's brain is naturally small, women are the
weaker sex, only weaker breeds pound yams, bend to plant millet. He
foresees that one, two years to come when machines will do those things
and he also hints at his intention to turn llunjunle around for good.
Sidi becomes fed up with the meaningless dialogue and demands her pail
back angrily but debunks the payment of bride price.
Part of
Lakunle’s meeting with Sidi is to make known his intention to marry her
and she insists that her bride price must be paid according to their
custom and tradition and that marrying him without a price would make
people think that she is no virgin and that would bring shame to her
family.
But Lakunle resists the idea and describes it as a savage
custom that is barbaric and uncivilized. He goes further to educate Sidi
on the implication of payment of the bride price and his plan. Lakunle
calls Sidi a bush and uncivilized girl who does not want to appreciate
and accept civilized romance and ideology.
The introductory part of this play between Sidi and Lakunle shows the cultural gap versus modernity.
OR
(5)
The
love between Jimmy and Helena is portrayed as complicated and filled
with tension. Their relationship is marked by conflicts, power
struggles, and unhealthy dynamics. Jimmy's love for Helena may be
genuine, but it is also intertwined with anger, resentment, and societal
frustrations. The play delves into the complexities of love and
relationships, portraying the nuances and contradictions that can exist
within them.
While Jimmy's behavior towards Helena is often
harsh, resentful, and even abusive, there are moments in the play that
suggest a deep, albeit troubled, love for her. Here are a few factors
that shed light on Jimmy's feelings for Helena
Despite his anger
and mistreatment of Helena, Jimmy appears emotionally dependent on her.
He seeks her company, wants her attention, and becomes jealous when she
interacts with other men. This suggests that he has a deep emotional
connection to her.
Moments of Tenderness: Amidst their conflicts,
there are instances where Jimmy displays moments of tenderness towards
Helena. He shows concern for her well-being, demonstrates vulnerability,
and occasionally shares intimate moments of affection. These moments
indicate that he does have genuine feelings of love for her.
Jimmy's
anger and bitterness often mask his vulnerability and insecurities. It
is suggested that Helena is one of the few people with whom he allows
himself to be vulnerable. His need for her presence and emotional
support indicates a level of emotional attachment and love.
Jimmy's
self-destructive behavior and his tendency to push away those closest
to him, including Helena, can be seen as a reflection of his fear of
intimacy and emotional connection. His actions may be driven by a
combination of love and a subconscious desire to protect himself from
being hurt.
(6)
Cliff is Jimmy's flatmate and close friend,
and their contrasting personalities create an interesting dynamic
throughout the play. Jimmy says that he is the only friend of his that
still stays around especially after Hugh went abroad.
Cliff Lewis
plays a significant role as one of the main characters. Cliff serves as
the voice of reason and the counterpoint to the protagonist, Jimmy
Porter. Cliff is of the same age as Jimmy. But unlike Jimmy, Cliff is
short, dark and big-boned. In Act I, he wears a pullover and grey new
but very creased trousers. He is teased by Cliff and Alison for not
being able to take care of his new trousers. This is indicative of his
lower class background which is supposed to be crude. Cliff is relaxed,
easy and lethargic.
The stage direction also states that Cliff has
the sad natural intelligence of the self-taught. This means that though
Cliff might not have been educated like Jimmy, he still tries to 'better
himself' as can be seen in his seriousness at reading newspapers in the
play. Cliff is the foil of Jimmy in the play.
Cliff's role in the
play is multifaceted. He serves as a bridge between the working class
and the middle class, embodying a more moderate and accepting attitude
towards life. Cliff has a job, is content with his position, and has
aspirations of running a sweet stall, which contrasts with Jimmy's
constant dissatisfaction and desire for something more.
In many
ways, Cliff represents the ordinary, everyday person who tries to find
happiness and contentment within the limitations of their circumstances.
His presence highlights the contrast between Jimmy's turbulent nature
and the possibility of a more balanced and accepting approach to life.
Cliff Lewis plays a crucial role as a grounding and moral figure,
providing a contrasting perspective to the play's central themes of
anger, frustration, and disillusionment.
(7)
In the play
"Fences", written by August Wilson, Troy's perception of death serves as
a significant reflection of his character and experiences. Troy's views
on death are shaped by his life experiences, struggles, and the
barriers he has faced.
Troy views death as a powerful force that is
ultimately inevitable and unyielding. He often speaks of death with a
sense of acceptance and resignation, believing that it will come for
everyone eventually. This perspective is rooted in his own experiences
with hardship and disappointment, which have led him to adopt a
pragmatic and somewhat fatalistic outlook.
Troy's perception of
death is also influenced by his own personal battles and the sense of
confinement he feels in his life. He sees death as a way to escape the
limitations and struggles of his existence. This viewpoint is
particularly evident in his conversations with his friend Bono, where he
expresses a longing for release and a desire to be free from the
burdens of responsibility and disappointment.
Troy's experiences of
racial injustice and his dashed dreams of a career in baseball have
instilled in him a sense of bitterness and resentment. His perception of
death is tinged with a belief that life is inherently unfair and that
it ultimately leads to disappointment and unfulfilled dreams. This
outlook is exemplified in his conversations with his son Cory, where he
discourages Cory from pursuing a career in sports, projecting his own
unfulfilled aspirations onto his son.
Through Troy's perspective on
death, The playwright explores themes of resilience, the weight of
personal history, and the ways in which individuals grapple with their
own mortality in the face of adversity.
VERSION TWO
(7)
Troy's
perception on Death which is Mortality is predominant in the play. It
is a form of foreshadow where Troy Maxson claims that he literally
wrestled with death and won. We see several monologues throughout the
play where he taunts and challenges death, almost daring it to try and
take him again. Troy’s attitude towards death is relaxed, clam and
peaceful. He sees death as inevitable end – a compulsory journey that
everyone must embark on as he said ain’t anything wrong with talking
about death? That’s part of life. Everybody gonna die. You gonna die,
I’m gonna die. Bono’s gonna die. Hell, we all gonna die in his words.
Troy also sees death as being weak and powerless,
because one can choose whether to allow it kill one or not. He also
recounts how he fought with death in the middle of July, 1941. As he
said It seems like death himself reached out and touched me on the
shoulder. He touched me just like I touch you. I got cold as ice and
death standing there grinning at me. Troy admits that while fighting
with death and death throws off his attempt to fight and defeat death.
Troy still believes that death will come after him someday because it is
not easy to conquer death. “Death ain’t anything to play with. And I
know… he’s gonna have to fight to get me” according to him
The fact that Gabe is partially sane, his words foreshadows death
that later visits Troy in the end. Death therefore is seen as an
ultimate chance for peace. Troy triumphs over death because he never
lets fear of it control his life. Wilson seems to speak against Troy’s
view of death, and how this view informs his approach to life and the
people around him.
(8)
Bono is portrayed as a loyal and
committed friend to the protagonist, Troy Maxson. Bono's dedication to
their friendship can be attributed to several reasons such in a way that
firstly Bono and Troy have a long history together, spanning many
years. They have been friends since their time in prison, and this
shared experience has created a bond between them. Bono values their
history and the trust they have built over time, which strengthens his
commitment to their friendship.
Secondly, on their mutual support
as Bono is a constant source of support for Troy, and vice versa. They
lean on each other during difficult times, sharing their triumphs and
hardships. Bono often acts as a sounding board for Troy's struggles and
offers advice and guidance when needed. This mutual support creates a
sense of camaraderie and deepens their friendship.
Thirdly,
Bono has a deep understanding of Troy's flaws, shortcomings, and
complexities. Despite Troy's sometimes difficult and abrasive nature,
Bono accepts him for who he is. He recognizes Troy's humanity and
respects his experiences, allowing for a genuine connection based on
acceptance and understanding.
Further more Bono is fiercely loyal to
Troy. He stands by him through thick and thin, even when Troy's actions
or decisions may be questionable. Bono remains steadfast and committed,
demonstrating his unwavering loyalty to their friendship.
Additionally, Bono and Troy share certain values and beliefs. They both
have a strong work ethic and a sense of responsibility. They understand
the importance of providing for their families and the struggles faced
by black men in a racial and more also these shared values further
solidify their bond and commitment to each other.
It's clear that
Bono sees beyond Troy's flaws and remains dedicated to their friendship,
embodying the qualities of a steadfast and loyal friend.
(9)
The poet presents the reader with contrasting emotions throughout the poem. It contains different moods.
The initial two stanzas depict the circumstances leading to the
appointment of the "Government Driver" who had diligently served for
thirty years and was now retiring.
“...today retires he home…” lines 3
In the following stanza, the poet introduces the reader to the
jubilation and delight felt by the driver due to his retirement and the
recognition he receives for his dedicated service.
“…more joy to send him home"
"a brand new car in his name…” lines 17-18
The
poet initially portrays the government driver's anticipation and
excitement about his retirement. However, there is a sudden shift in
mood as the driver's exhilaration intensifies upon receiving the car
gift. This change in mood fuels his rejoicing even further.
...“Come friends and rejoice more, Joy till no more joy to joy..."
In the final stanza, the initial mood of excitement and fulfillment
diminishes as the same excitement ultimately leads to the driver's
demise. This turn of events evokes a mood of "pity and shock" as the
poem concludes.
The initial excitement that pervaded stanzas 1 to 5
dissipates as the driver indulges in alcohol, impairing his vision and
sound judgment.
..."Booze boozed his vision and clear judgement, he boomed his brand new car and it sent him home to rest in peace..."
The poem begins with an exciting narrative, but as the story unfolds,
it gradually transitions into a somber and gloomy atmosphere. These two
prevailing moods permeate the entire plot of the poem.
(11)
"Do
not go Gentle into that Good Night" is a powerful and poignant poem
written by Dylan Thomas. The poet's diction in this poem is striking and
deliberate, creating a sense of urgency and emotional intensity.
The
poet's choice of words is vivid and evocative, allowing the reader to
connect with the poem on an emotional level. The repeated use of the
imperative phrase "Do not go gentle" throughout the poem emphasizes the
poet's plea for resistance and defiance in the face of death. The word
"gentle" itself conveys a sense of surrender and acceptance, contrasting
with the poet's desire for his loved ones to fight against the
inevitable.
Furthermore, the poet employs strong, resonant
language to depict various stages of life and the emotions associated
with them. He uses contrasting pairs of words to heighten the emotional
impact, such as "light" and "dark," "day" and "night," and "life" and
"grave." These choices create a sense of tension and emphasize the
importance of living fully and passionately, even in the face of death.
The
poet's use of vivid imagery is another noteworthy aspect of the poem's
diction. Thomas employs vivid metaphors and descriptive language to
depict different types of people and their attitudes towards death. For
instance, he describes "wise men" as "the good," while "wild men" and
"grave men" represent those who have lived passionately or with regret.
This imagery adds depth and complexity to the poem, inviting readers to
reflect on their own lives and the choices they make.
(12)
The
poem "Caged Bird" by Maya Angelou depicts powerful use of imagery,
which serves to highlight the stark contrast between freedom and
oppression, and to convey the emotional experiences of the caged bird.
Throughout the poem, the poet employs vivid and evocative imagery to
draw a parallel between the bird's physical and emotional confinement.
For example, she describes the bird's wings as "clipped and its feet
tied," symbolizing the restrictions imposed upon it. This visual imagery
creates a sense of imprisonment and helplessness, emphasizing the
bird's inability to fly and experience the freedom it desires.
The poet also utilizes contrasting imagery to emphasize the stark divide
between the caged bird and its free counterpart. She describes the free
bird's flight as "the orange sun rays beating on its wings," painting a
picture of unbridled movement and the warm embrace of sunlight. In
contrast, the caged bird's experience is characterized by "bars of rage"
and a "grave of dreams." These vivid descriptions evoke a sense of
confinement and frustration, emphasizing the emotional toll of
captivity.
In addition, the poem's imagery draws upon natural
elements to further enhance its impact. Angelou employs images of a
"sighing wind" and a "fat worms waiting on a dawn-bright lawn" to create
a vivid sense of the outside world that the caged bird longs for. These
natural images serve as symbols of freedom and possibilities,
highlighting the stark contrast between the bird's confined existence
and the vastness of the world beyond.
The use of sensory imagery
also plays a significant role in the poem. Angelou appeals to the
reader's senses, allowing them to imagine the bird's experience more
vividly. The reader can almost hear the caged bird's "trill of things
unknown" and feel its frustration through the images of the "shadow
shouts" and "fearful trill." These sensory details contribute to the
emotional impact of the poem, enabling readers to empathize with the
bird's longing for freedom.
B. 2023 WAEC LITERATURE IN ENGLISH 2 (PROSE) ANSWERS
Candidates are required to answer ONLY TWO questions.
They are to answer One question from each Section.
Section A (1-4)
Section B (5-8)
VERSION 2
(4)
Massa
is Nii Tackie’s sick wife who hails from Sampa. She is an orphan
adopted by certain parents. Her terminal disease or aliment seems to
defy all forms of treatment because the doctor in charge of the
treatment has passed a death sentence on her, she has just few days.
The health workers have wished her all the best. Nii has realized that
Massa is dying slowly each second. Life has just began to treat both of
them well two years before until suddenly she is taken ill.
Fortunately, a friend has recommended them to see a spiritualist, known
as “God is beyond science”. This time she is already a shadow of her
former self “She was already looking like a grandmother at twenty two”
She vomits spits and defecates in her sleeping position owing to the
ailment. Nii then takes a bold step to convey her to the spiritualist
home and she unfortunately dies on their way. Nii who is already fed up
with the hardship in the country and the inability of his bank and
teaching job to sustain him, abandons her corpse at the Korofidua
mortuary and runs away, until Mama and Joe trace Massa’s corpse to the
mortuary and gives her a befitting burial.
Symbolically, Massa
represents the living physical condition, political, social and moral
decay, she represents the nation in labour, hanging on tenaciously to
life by the thinnes of threads, Like the collapsing state of Ghana,
looking at her.
Marshak is Nii’s friend who is a fugitive
prostitute. Nii met her at the Hotel Irohin while Nii was working as a
slave in cassava farm. Her father was shot dead during the revolution
at home and all their properties confiscated. The revolutionaries
claimed that her father was a reactionary and a saboteur. Her mother
and her two sisters were smuggled across the border at Elubo, and they
are now in the Ivory Coast. Marshak submits upon meeting Nii. Marshak
has made a decision to be a change person and get married someday. She
may be a prostitute but the most important thing to her is that she
wants to be free. She is looking for an opportunity to mend and redeem
herself from a life of filth imposed on her by circumstances at home.
One unfortunate thing happens to Marshak that Nii would
live to remember. Marshak finds it difficult to change her ways. She
continues to play ball with men, even some immigration officers were her
customers. Nii visits her on that fateful day and meets her in the pool
of her own blood and he’s informed that she attempts to abort a baby
but Nii still believes that she takes her own life.
Prior to her death, when event Nii what's to have an affair with her, she always remembers her late wife Massa.
(5)
The
narrator who speaks in the voice of a man in his 40s remembers his
youth as the novel opens. He remembers when he has not yet discovered
his identity or realized that he was an invisible man. The narrator
relates an anecdote concerning his grandfather, who on his death bed
shocks his family, revealing himself a spy and a traitor to his race.
The narrator then dreams that he’s in the mists of his grandfather that
night, who refuses to laugh at the clowns. His grandfather orders him
to open the briefcase and read the message contained in an official
envelope, the narrator finds that each envelope contains yet, another
envelope. In the envelope, instead of scholarship, he finds an engraved
document, with the message “To Whom It May Concern, keep This
Nigger-Boy Running”. The grandfather’s deathbed scene and advice
represent ancestor or ghost of slavery and the need to get rid of the
past.
The advice influenced the narrator who the protagonist and
principal character in the novel. His name and true identity is never
mentioned. The narrator begins and ends the novel as a type of embodied
voice. He addresses his story through the use of the first person
narration. At the beginning of the novel, he explains the meaning of
this invisibility simply because people refuse to see me…
The narrator is gullible; for he’s easily deceived by the white and
other people around him. He should have known that Dr. Bledsoe does not
have any good intention for him. When Bledsoe gives the narrator the
recommended letters, knowing fully well that Bledsoe initially yells and
criticizes the narrator for showing the unpleasant side of the black
community to Mr. Norton. The narrator refuses to believe that Dr.
Bledsoe is trying to get rid of him through expulsion, little did he
know that the letters were not of recommendation, but of rejection.
Before
the narrator joins the Brotherhood, he remains extremely innocent and
inexperienced. He is prone to think the best of people even when he has
reason not to, and he remains constantly respectful of authority. The
narrator’s innocence sometimes causes him to misunderstand important
events in the novel. For instance, the narrator accepts his scholarship
from the brutish white men with gladness. Although, he passes no
judgment on the white man’s behavior. The narrator remains vulnerable
to the identity that society thrusts upon him as an African- American.
He plays the role of the service black man to the white man. He also
plays the industrious, uncomplaining disciple of Booker T. Washington
during his college year, he agrees to act as the Brotherhood’s black
spokesman, which allows the Brotherhood use him.
But the narrator also proves very intelligent and introspective.
Finally, the narrator has retreated to underground, yet in
the act of telling a story, the narrator comes to realize the danger of
invisibility. He concludes his story determined to honor his own
complexity rather than subdue it in the interest of a group of ideology.
Though most of the narrator’s difficulties arise from the fact that
he’s black. The novelist sees the narrator’s as a universal character- a
direct representation of the struggle just like the father.
VERSION TWO
(5)
The
advice given by the narrator's grandfather plays a significant role in
shaping his actions and understanding of his identity. The narrator's
grandfather imparts a powerful message about the importance of
maintaining individuality and dignity in the face of racism and
oppression.
Embracing Individuality: The narrator's grandfather
tells him to "keep up the good fight" and to never allow others to
define his worth or diminish his humanity. This advice instills in the
narrator a sense of individuality and the importance of asserting his
own identity, even in the face of societal pressures to conform. As a
result, the narrator strives to assert his independence and find his own
voice throughout the novel.
Seeking Success within a Racist
Society: The narrator's grandfather's advice also guides the narrator's
pursuit of success within a racist society. He advises the narrator to
"overcome 'em with yeses, undermine 'em with grins, agree 'em to death
and destruction." This advice suggests that by playing into the
expectations of white society, the narrator can find success and
navigate the racial barriers that exist. However, the narrator later
realizes the limitations and compromises of this approach, leading him
to reassess his actions and find alternative paths to empowerment.
Recognizing
the Complexity of Identity: The narrator's grandfather's advice prompts
the narrator to reflect on the complexities of his identity as a Black
man in a racially divided society. He grapples with the notion of
visibility and invisibility, exploring how his identity is constructed
and perceived by others. The advice encourages the narrator to question
societal expectations and stereotypes, leading him to explore different
roles and personas throughout the novel as he searches for his true
identity.
The advice of the narrator's grandfather acts as a
guiding force throughout the novel, influencing his actions,
self-perception, and understanding of the world around him. It
encourages him to assert his individuality, navigate the challenges of
racism, and question societal expectations, ultimately shaping his
journey of self-discovery and empowerment as an "invisible man."
(6)
The
Ideology of 'the brotherhood' was portrayed through Mr. Jack and the
Narrator. Jack is a local leader of the communist party who recruits the
narrator to be their speaker. He is also the leader of the
Brotherhood, to point out the failures of abstract ideologies to address
the real plight of African Americans and other victims of oppression.
At first, Jack seems kind, compassionate, intelligent and helpful; a
real friend to the struggling narrator whom he gives money, a job and
seemingly – a way to help his people fight against prejudice. But as
the story progresses, it becomes clear that the narrator is just as
invisible to jack as he is to everyone else.
Jack is a
manipulator, because he sees the narrator not as a person, but as a
tool for the advancement of the Brotherhood goals. It later becomes
clear to the narrator that Jack shares the same racial prejudice as the
rest of the white American society, and when the Brotherhood’s focus
changes, Jack abandons the black community without regret. He is also a
cunning man who only uses the narrator to assist the advancement of the
Brotherhood.
Brother Jack does not only rob away the narrator’s
ideas but also replace them with the Brotherhood ideas. Brother Jack’s
literal blindness is a metaphor for the flawed vision he possesses for
the brotherhood. Brother Jack is not what the narrator thought he’s and
not what we readers think he is.
Brother Jack and the entire
Brotherhood use people such as the narrator to build a stronger basis
for their organization to fully show case their ideology. Brother Jack
uses the narrator also to establish fame of the Brotherhood ideology.
Brother Jack does not see the narrator as a friend or as a co-worker,
but as a tool for the Brotherhood advancement. This is a perfect
example of a person who does things according to his self-interests.
VERSION TWO
(6)
The
ideology of brotherhood is a complex and multifaceted concept that
evolves throughout the novel. The protagonist, an unnamed African
American man, grapples with the challenges of racial identity and seeks
genuine connections with others in a racially divided society.
Unity
and Solidarity: The ideology of brotherhood emphasizes the unity and
solidarity among marginalized individuals who face oppression and
discrimination. The protagonist longs for a sense of brotherhood that
transcends racial and social barriers, seeking to connect with others
who share his experiences and struggles. He believes in the power of
collective action and finds strength in the idea of standing together
against injustice.
Identity and Authenticity: The ideology of
brotherhood involves embracing one's authentic self and rejecting the
expectations and stereotypes imposed by society. The protagonist
navigates a complex journey of self-discovery, grappling with the notion
of invisibility and the constraints placed on his identity. He seeks a
brotherhood that recognizes and values individuality, allowing each
person to express their unique experiences and perspectives.
Empathy
and Understanding: Brotherhood in "Invisible Man" is rooted in empathy
and understanding. The protagonist yearns for genuine connections where
individuals empathize with each other's struggles and recognize the
shared humanity that transcends racial divisions. This ideology
challenges the dehumanization and objectification of marginalized
communities, emphasizing the importance of listening, learning, and
acknowledging the experiences of others.
Political Activism and
Social Change: The ideology of brotherhood is intertwined with political
activism and the pursuit of social change. The protagonist becomes
involved in various political and social organizations, hoping to
mobilize collective action and address the systemic issues of racism and
inequality. Brotherhood is seen as a means to challenge and dismantle
oppressive structures, working towards a more just and equitable
society.
Complexity and Contradictions: Ellison presents the
ideology of brotherhood as complex and riddled with contradictions. The
protagonist encounters various individuals and groups who claim to
embody brotherhood but often have conflicting agendas or fail to truly
understand his experiences. This exploration highlights the challenges
of achieving genuine brotherhood in a world marked by division and
competing interests.
Challenging Stereotypes and Prejudices: The
ideology of brotherhood challenges stereotypes and prejudices that
perpetuate divisions among individuals. The protagonist rejects the idea
of categorizing people solely based on their race or societal roles. He
believes in the importance of recognizing the complexity and diversity
of individual experiences, thus fostering understanding and breaking
down barriers.
Collaboration and Cooperation: Brotherhood entails
working collaboratively with others to create positive change. The
protagonist recognizes the power of collective action and the potential
for individuals to make a difference by uniting their efforts. By
joining forces, individuals can challenge oppressive systems and work
towards a more equitable society.
Redefining Identity: The
ideology of brotherhood also involves redefining one's own identity and
rejecting prescribed roles and expectations. The protagonist grapples
with notions of visibility and invisibility, seeking to redefine his
identity on his own terms rather than conforming to societal
expectations. This process of self-discovery and self-definition is
intertwined with the pursuit of brotherhood.
Universal Human
Connection: The protagonist desires a sense of brotherhood that goes
beyond superficial differences. He seeks genuine connections with others
based on shared humanity rather than racial or social categorizations.
The ideology of brotherhood emphasizes the belief that all individuals,
regardless of their backgrounds, possess inherent worth and deserve
respect and empathy.
Embracing Individuality: The narrator's
grandfather tells him to "keep up the good fight" and to never allow
others to define his worth or diminish his humanity. This advice
instills in the narrator a sense of individuality and the importance of
asserting his own identity, even in the face of societal pressures to
conform. As a result, the narrator strives to assert his independence
and find his own voice throughout the novel.
Seeking Success
within a Racist Society: The narrator's grandfather's advice also guides
the narrator's pursuit of success within a racist society. He advises
the narrator to "overcome 'em with yeses, undermine 'em with grins,
agree 'em to death and destruction." This advice suggests that by
playing into the expectations of white society, the narrator can find
success and navigate the racial barriers that exist. However, the
narrator later realizes the limitations and compromises of this
approach, leading him to reassess his actions and find alternative paths
to empowerment.
Recognizing the Complexity of Identity: The
narrator's grandfather's advice prompts the narrator to reflect on the
complexities of his identity as a Black man in a racially divided
society. He grapples with the notion of visibility and invisibility,
exploring how his identity is constructed and perceived by others. The
advice encourages the narrator to question societal expectations and
stereotypes, leading him to explore different roles and personas
throughout the novel as he searches for his true identity.
(7)
In
"Wuthering Heights," the marriage between Heathcliff and Isabella
Linton is far from a happy or healthy union. Their marriage is
characterized by manipulation, abuse, and the pursuit of personal gain.
Revenge
and Manipulation: Heathcliff's marriage to Isabella is primarily driven
by his desire for revenge against the Linton family, particularly Edgar
Linton, who is Isabella's brother. By marrying Isabella, Heathcliff
seeks to gain control over their wealth and inflict pain on those he
believes have wronged him. His motivations for the marriage are rooted
in vengeance rather than genuine love or affection.
Loveless and
Abusive: Heathcliff's treatment of Isabella is cruel and abusive. He
shows no genuine affection or care for her and uses her as a pawn in his
revenge scheme. Isabella, initially infatuated with the idea of
Heathcliff as a romantic hero, soon realizes the mistake she has made.
She becomes trapped in a loveless marriage, subjected to emotional and
physical abuse by Heathcliff.
Isolation and Misery: Isabella's
marriage to Heathcliff isolates her from her family and the society she
is familiar with. She becomes a prisoner at Wuthering Heights, cut off
from her loved ones and subjected to the oppressive and violent
atmosphere of the place. Isabella's situation deteriorates further when
she becomes pregnant with Heathcliff's child.
Manipulation of the
Child: After the birth of their son, Linton, Heathcliff manipulates the
child to further his own interests. He uses Linton as a means to gain
control over Thrushcross Grange, the Linton family estate. This
manipulation further highlights the selfish and ruthless nature of
Heathcliff's actions.
In summary, the marriage is considered a
loveless and abusive union driven by Heathcliff's desire for revenge.
Isabella becomes a victim of Heathcliff's manipulations and suffers
emotional and physical torment throughout their relationship. Their
marriage serves as a stark contrast to the intense and passionate love
between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, highlighting the destructive
consequences of Heathcliff's obsession and the damaging effects of his
revenge-fueled actions.
(8)
"The weather, windows, and setting are often used as symbolic elements throughout the narrative.
The
Weather: The weather in "Wuthering Heights" often reflects the
tumultuous emotions and intense conflicts within the story. Storms,
winds, and harsh weather conditions frequently occur during moments of
heightened tension, passion, or turmoil. The weather serves as a
metaphor for the characters' turbulent emotions and the dark, brooding
atmosphere of the novel. For example, stormy weather often coincides
with intense confrontations or emotional outbursts, emphasizing the
passionate and volatile nature of the characters' relationships.
The
Windows: Windows are used as a symbolic device to represent boundaries,
barriers, and glimpses into the outside world. They serve as a means of
communication between characters who are physically separated or belong
to different social classes. Windows often become sites of longing and
desire, as characters yearn to connect with one another or escape their
current circumstances. They can also represent the divide between the
civilized world and the untamed nature of the moors, highlighting the
clash between society's expectations and the wild, passionate spirits of
the characters.
The Setting: The setting of "Wuthering Heights,"
particularly the contrasting locations of Wuthering Heights and
Thrushcross Grange, represents the clash between nature and
civilization, passion and propriety. Wuthering Heights, situated on the
bleak and rugged moors, embodies a wild and untamed environment,
mirroring the passionate and unruly nature of its inhabitants. In
contrast, Thrushcross Grange represents order, refinement, and social
norms. The contrast between these two settings reflects the dichotomy
between Heathcliff and Catherine's intense, primal love and the societal
expectations and constraints they encounter.
Overall, the use of
the weather, windows, and setting as symbols in "Wuthering Heights"
adds depth and enhances the themes of passion, conflict, and the
struggle between nature and civilization. These symbols contribute to
the atmospheric and emotional impact of the story, emphasizing the
intensity of the characters' relationships and the underlying tensions
within the narrative.
C. 2023 WAEC LITERATURE IN ENGLISH 1 (OBJECTIVE) ANSWERS
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4 Comments
Thanks alot... I would be better if the question is attached
ReplyDeleteNICE one
ReplyDeleteKeep it up
It ok , but I think it was mama orojo will should discuss about in the theory and pls which time are will going to drama and poetry
ReplyDeletePls how can I go about this
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