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Wednesday, 21st May 2025
Christian Religious Studies 2 (Essay) – 09:30am – 11:30am
Christian Religious Studies 1 (Objective) – 11:30am – 12:30pm
Islamic Studies 2 (Essay) – 09:30am – 11:30am
Islamic Studies 1 (Objective) – 11:30am – 12:20pm
A. 2025 WAEC CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS STUDIES (CRS) OBJECTIVES (OBJ) ANSWERS:
11-20: BDBDDDCADC
21-30: CCCCCDCDBD
31-40: CCBBBBCCBB
41-50: BCCABDDABD
B. 2025 WAEC ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS STUDIES (IRS) OBJECTIVES (OBJ) ANSWERS
1-10: AACDCBABAA11-20: BACBCCDBAC
21-30: ABDAAABCCC
31-40: DDCDCCCABC
41-50: ADBBCABCDD
C. 2025 WAEC CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS STUDIES (CRS) ESSAY (THEORY) ANSWERS
(1a)
(i) King Hiram of Tyre had enjoyed a strong and friendly relationship with David, Solomon’s father, during his reign.
(ii)
Upon learning that Solomon had succeeded David as king of Israel, Hiram
sent a message of congratulations to express his goodwill.
(iii)
In his reply, Solomon explained that David had planned to build a
temple for the Lord but was unable to carry it out due to the wars he
fought throughout his reign.
(iv) Despite his inability to
build the temple, David had made initial preparations by acquiring the
land and setting up arrangements for materials, particularly timber from
the region of Phoenicia.
(v) Solomon declared his intention to fulfill his father’s wish by building a temple dedicated to the name of the Lord.
(vi)
To reaffirm peaceful relations, Solomon renewed the alliance with
Hiram, emphasizing the importance of cooperation between their nations.
(vii)
Solomon requested that Hiram sell him cedar and cypress wood, which
were known for their durability and suitability for temple construction
(viii)
He also proposed that Hiram’s skilled workers collaborate with his own
laborers on the project, assuring him that fair wages would be paid to
the Tyrian workers.
(ix) Hiram agreed to the request and
instructed his workers to cut down the trees, tie them into rafts, and
float them along the Mediterranean Sea to a designated location for
Solomon to receive.
(x) In exchange for the timber and labor, Solomon was to provide generous annual food supplies for Hiram’s royal household.
(xi)
This mutual agreement was honored, with Hiram delivering all the wood
Solomon needed, while Solomon consistently sent wheat and oil as
payment.
(xii) Through Hiram’s support, Solomon acquired not just
materials but also expertise, enabling him to begin constructing the
magnificent temple in Jerusalem.
(xiii) The result of this
collaboration was the establishment of a sacred and centralized place of
worship for Yahweh, symbolizing both spiritual devotion and
international cooperation.
(1b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) It promotes peaceful coexistence and prevents unnecessary conflicts between nations.
(ii) It allows countries to engage in mutual trade and economic partnerships.
(iii) It encourages cultural exchange and deeper understanding between peoples.
(iv) It creates opportunities for technical and educational cooperation.
(v) It enables joint efforts in handling global issues like climate change and terrorism.
(vi) It opens doors for humanitarian aid and international assistance in times of crisis.
(2a)
The
contest on Mount Carmel took place during the reign of King Ahab in
Israel. The people of Israel had turned away from God to worship Baal,
led by Ahab and his wife Jezebel. To prove that the Lord is the only
true God, the prophet Elijah challenged the 450 prophets of Baal to a
contest on Mount Carmel.
Elijah told the people of Israel to
choose between God and Baal. He proposed that both he and the prophets
of Baal should prepare a bull as a sacrifice without lighting a fire.
Each would call on their god, and the god who answered by fire would be
declared the true God.
The prophets of Baal went first. They
prayed from morning until evening, shouting and dancing around their
altar. They even cut themselves with swords and spears to attract Baal’s
attention, but there was no response—no fire came.
Then Elijah
repaired the broken altar of the Lord and placed a bull on it. He poured
twelve jars of water over the sacrifice, the wood, and even filled a
trench around the altar with water, making it humanly impossible for it
to catch fire.
Elijah prayed to God, asking Him to show the
people that He alone is God. Immediately, the fire of the Lord fell from
heaven. It consumed the burnt offering, the wood, the stones, the dust,
and even licked up the water in the trench.
When the people saw
this, they fell on their faces and exclaimed, “The Lord, He is God! The
Lord, He is God!” Elijah then ordered that the prophets of Baal be
seized and executed at the brook Kishon.
This event clearly
demonstrated the supremacy of God over all other gods. It showed that
God is the only one who answers prayers and performs mighty acts, unlike
Baal who remained silent.
(2b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) The Church can preach and teach the Word of God to condemn immoral acts and promote righteousness.
(ii) It can offer moral and spiritual counseling to help people overcome immoral behaviors.
(iii) The Church can organize educational programs like seminars and Bible studies to teach Christian values.
(iv) Church leaders and members can serve as good examples by living morally upright lives.
(v) It can discipline members who engage in immoral acts to discourage such behavior.
(vi) The Church can carry out community outreach to promote godly living in public spaces.
(vii) It can partner with government and organizations to fight social vices like drug abuse and cultism.
(viii) The Church can pray and intercede for moral revival and transformation in society.
(ix) It can use media platforms to spread messages against immorality and encourage good conduct.
(x) The Church can support and rehabilitate victims of immoral acts to help them recover and live better lives.
(3a)
Amos
was a prophet divinely appointed by God to deliver a message of
judgment against the sinful acts of the people of Israel. He prophesied
during the reign of King Jeroboam II when Israel enjoyed political
stability but was spiritually and morally corrupt. Amos was not a
prophet by profession; he was a herdsman and a dresser of sycamore trees
from Tekoa in Judah. Yet, he was called by God to travel to Israel and
confront the nation with its sins.
While carrying out his
mission, Amos encountered opposition from Amaziah, the priest of Bethel.
Bethel was one of the major centers of idol worship in Israel, and
Amaziah, as a representative of the religious institution, felt
threatened by Amos' prophecies. Amos had boldly declared that Israel
would be destroyed, its people exiled, and that King Jeroboam would die
by the sword—messages that stirred political tension and offended the
ruling class.
Amaziah accused Amos of conspiracy against the king
and sent a report to King Jeroboam. In an attempt to silence him,
Amaziah ordered Amos to flee back to Judah and never prophesy again in
Bethel, claiming it was the king’s sanctuary and a national temple.
Amaziah believed that Amos was only prophesying for personal gain and
had no divine authority.
Amos, in his defense, made it clear that
he was neither a prophet by profession nor trained under any prophetic
school. He was simply a shepherd and a sycamore farmer before God called
him to deliver His message. He strongly emphasized that his prophetic
duty was not self-appointed but a divine mandate.
Amos boldly
responded with God’s judgment against Amaziah. He declared that
Amaziah’s wife would become a prostitute in the city, his children would
be killed by the sword, his land would be divided and taken away, and
he would die in a pagan land. Moreover, Amos reaffirmed that Israel
would surely go into exile because of its disobedience and rejection of
God.
This encounter reveals the deep tension between true
prophets and corrupt religious systems, and it underscores the courage
of Amos in the face of persecution for delivering an unpopular but
divinely inspired message.
(3b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Religious corruption and hypocrisy
(ii) False accusation and conspiracy
(iii) Suppression of prophecy
(iv) Misuse of sacred space
(v) Rejection of divine calling
(vi) Materialism in religion
(4a)
This statement was made by the servants of King David after the death of his child, a tragic consequence of David’s sin with Bathsheba. The incident unfolded when David, the king of Israel, committed adultery with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah, one of his loyal soldiers. When Bathsheba became pregnant, David first attempted to conceal the sin by recalling Uriah from battle, hoping he would sleep with his wife. When that plan failed, David arranged for Uriah to be placed in the frontlines of battle where he was killed.
After Uriah’s death, David took Bathsheba as his wife. However, God was displeased with David’s actions. In response, He sent the prophet Nathan to confront David. Nathan told him a parable of a rich man who took a poor man's only lamb. When David reacted angrily to the injustice in the story, Nathan revealed that David was the guilty man. David was immediately remorseful and confessed his sin.
Although God forgave David, He declared that the child born from the adulterous union would not live. The child soon fell seriously ill, and David, overwhelmed with sorrow, began to fast, pray, and lay on the ground, seeking God's mercy to spare the child's life. For seven days, he neither ate nor listened to anyone. His servants tried to comfort him, but he remained unresponsive, desperately hoping for a miracle.
On the seventh day, the child died. The servants were afraid to inform David because they thought his grief might turn into self-harm. “Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spoke to him, and he did not listen…” they said, expressing their concern that if David was so distraught during the child's illness, his reaction to the death could be even more extreme.
However, David surprised them. When he learned the child had died, he rose, washed himself, changed his clothes, and worshipped the Lord. He then ate food and explained that while the child was alive, there was hope that God might be merciful. But now that the child was dead, he must accept God’s will. This showed David’s maturity in submission and trust in God’s judgment.
(4b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Christians enjoy peace of mind because they trust God’s decisions.
(ii) They grow spiritually as they learn faith and obedience.
(iii) Submission helps them build a closer relationship with God.
(iv) God guides their choices and steps in life.
(v) It protects them from sin and wrong paths.
(vi) They receive blessings and divine favor.
(vii) Submission builds humility and patience in their character.
(viii) Their lifestyle becomes a good example to others.
(ix) It assures them of eternal life in God’s presence.
(x) They find comfort during hard times, knowing God is in control
(5a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
After
His resurrection, Jesus appeared to two of His disciples who were
travelling to a village called Emmaus, which was about seven miles from
Jerusalem. As they walked, they were discussing the recent events
surrounding Jesus death and the reports of His resurrection. While they
were talking, Jesus Himself drew near and began to walk with them, but
they were kept from recognizing Him.
Jesus asked them what they
were discussing, and one of them, Cleopas, expressed surprise that Jesus
seemed unaware of what had happened in Jerusalem. They went on to
explain how Jesus of Nazareth was a prophet, mighty in word and deed,
and how the chief priests and rulers had delivered Him to be condemned
to death and crucified Him. They told Jesus that they had hoped He would
redeem Israel, but it had been three days since these events occurred.
They also mentioned the report from some women in their group who
claimed to have seen a vision of angels saying that Jesus was alive.
In
response, Jesus rebuked them for being slow to believe what the
prophets had spoken. Beginning with Moses and all the prophets, He
explained to them all that the Scriptures said concerning Himself. As
they approached the village, Jesus acted as if He would go further, but
the men urged Him to stay with them, as it was getting late.
While
at table with them, Jesus took bread, blessed it, broke it, and gave it
to them. Immediately, their eyes were opened, and they recognized Him;
but at that moment, He vanished from their sight. The two men were
amazed and said to each other, Did not our hearts burn within us while
He talked to us on the road, and while He opened to us the Scriptures?
Without delay, they returned to Jerusalem and found the eleven disciples and others gathered together.
They
told them what had happened on the road and how Jesus was made known to
them in the breaking of bread. This event confirmed that Jesus had
truly risen, and it strengthened the faith of His followers.
OR
On
the same day Jesus rose from the dead, two of His disciples were going
to a village called Emmaus, about seven miles from Jerusalem. As they
walked, they were engaged in deep conversation about everything that had
happened, the arrest, crucifixion, and the reports that Jesus’ body was
missing. While they were discussing, Jesus Himself joined them on the
journey, but they were prevented from recognizing Him.
Jesus
asked what they were talking about, and they stood still, looking sad.
One of them, Cleopas, asked Jesus if He was the only visitor in
Jerusalem who didn’t know the things that had happened there recently.
Jesus asked, What things? They responded by telling Him about Jesus of
Nazareth, a prophet powerful in word and deed before God and the people.
They explained how the chief priests and leaders had handed Him over to
be condemned and crucified. They also expressed their disappointment,
saying they had hoped He would be the one to redeem Israel. They
mentioned that it was the third day since these events and that some
women from their group had amazed them by saying they saw angels who
declared Jesus was alive.
Jesus then gently rebuked them for
their lack of faith and failure to believe all that the prophets had
spoken. He began to explain to them what was said in all the Scriptures
concerning Himself, beginning from Moses through the prophets. As they
approached the village, Jesus acted as though He would continue further,
but they urged Him strongly to stay with them because it was evening.
He
accepted their invitation. While they sat at the table, Jesus took
bread, gave thanks, broke it, and gave it to them. At that very moment,
their eyes were opened, and they recognized Him. Immediately, Jesus
disappeared from their sight. They were astonished and reflected on how
their hearts had burned within them as He explained the Scriptures on
the road.
Filled with joy and awe, the two disciples rushed back
to Jerusalem that same hour. They found the eleven and others assembled
and told them what had happened, confirming that the Lord had risen
indeed and that He was made known to them in the breaking of bread. This
experience served as powerful evidence of the resurrection and brought
renewed faith to the early followers of Christ.
(5b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i)
Assurance of Eternal Life: The resurrection of Christ assures
Christians of life after death. It is a confirmation that just as Christ
conquered death, believers too will be raised to eternal life. This
strengthens their hope in the promise of resurrection and eternal
fellowship with God.
(ii) Victory over Sin and Death: Through the
resurrection, Christians believe that Jesus defeated the power of sin
and death. This victory gives them the confidence that sin no longer has
dominion over them, and they too can live a new life free from the
bondage of sin.
(iii) Foundation of Christian Faith: The
resurrection is the cornerstone of Christian belief. Without it, the
preaching of the gospel would be in vain. It validates Jesus’ divine
nature and teachings, and confirms Him as the Son of God, thereby
strengthening the faith of believers.
(iv) Hope and Encouragement
in Times of Trouble: The resurrection of Christ gives believers hope
and courage to face trials, persecution, and even death. It reminds them
that suffering is temporary and that just as Christ was glorified after
His suffering, they too will be rewarded if they remain faithful.
(6a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
This
statement was made by a king in the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant
as recorded in Matthew 18:21–35. The circumstance arose after Peter
asked Jesus how many times he should forgive a brother who sins against
him, suggesting seven times. Jesus replied, "Not seven times, but
seventy times seven," and then gave the parable to illustrate the
importance of forgiveness.
In the parable, a certain king decided
to settle accounts with his servants. One of them owed him ten thousand
talents but could not pay. The king ordered that the servant, along
with his wife and children, be sold to repay the debt. However, the
servant fell on his knees and pleaded with the king to have patience
with him, promising to repay everything. Out of pity, the king forgave
him the entire debt and released him.
Later, this same servant
found a fellow servant who owed him a hundred denarii. Instead of
showing the same mercy, he grabbed him and began to choke him, demanding
repayment. The fellow servant also pleaded for more time, but the
forgiven servant refused and had him thrown into prison.
When
other servants saw what happened, they were distressed and reported it
to the king. The king, upon hearing the matter, summoned the servant and
rebuked him harshly. It was in this context that the king said, "You
wicked servant, I forgave you all that debt because you besought me". He
reminded him that he should have shown the same mercy to his fellow
servant. The king then handed him over to the jailers until he repaid
all he owed.
Jesus concluded the parable by saying that God will deal similarly with anyone who refuses to forgive others from the heart.
OR
This
statement was made in the parable of the unforgiving servant, which
Jesus told in response to Peter’s question about forgiveness in Matthew
18:21–35. Peter had asked Jesus how many times he should forgive a
brother who sins against him, suggesting seven times. Jesus replied,
“Not seven times but seventy times seven,” indicating unlimited
forgiveness. He then told a parable to drive the lesson home.
In
the parable, a king wanted to settle accounts with his servants. One of
the servants owed him ten thousand talents, a huge amount of money.
Since the servant could not pay, the king ordered that he, his family,
and his possessions be sold to recover the debt. The servant pleaded for
mercy and more time to repay. Moved with compassion, the king forgave
him the entire debt and let him go.
However, this same servant
later found a fellow servant who owed him only a hundred denarii, a much
smaller amount. Instead of showing mercy, he grabbed him and demanded
payment. When the fellow servant pleaded for more time, he refused and
had him thrown into prison.
Other servants who witnessed the
event were troubled and reported it to the king. The king summoned the
first servant and rebuked him for his wickedness. He reminded him that
he had been forgiven a greater debt because he begged for mercy, yet he
failed to show the same compassion to his fellow servant. It was in this
context that the king said, “You wicked servant, I forgave you all that
debt because you besought me.” The king then handed him over to the
jailers until he paid all he owed.
(6b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i)
Forgiveness is a direct command from Jesus Christ. Christians benefit
spiritually by obeying God's instruction to forgive others just as He
forgives them.
(ii) Forgiveness helps to heal broken
relationships and promotes peace, unity, and love among individuals and
within the Christian community.
(iii) By forgiving others,
Christians free themselves from the burden of anger, resentment, and
bitterness, which can harm their spiritual, emotional, and physical
well-being.
(iv) According to Jesus' teaching, those who forgive
others will also receive forgiveness from God. Christians benefit
eternally by maintaining a clean heart before God through a forgiving
spirit.
(7a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
After the apostles were
arrested for preaching about Jesus, they were brought before the Jewish
council, the Sanhedrin. The high priest and the Sadducees were furious
that the apostles continued teaching in Jesus name despite previous
warnings. The apostles boldly stated that they would obey God rather
than men and testified about Jesus’ resurrection.
Their response
angered the council members so much that they considered killing them.
But Gamaliel, a Pharisee, a doctor of the law, and a highly respected
member of the council, stood up. He asked that the apostles be removed
from the chamber for a while so he could address the council.
Gamaliel
advised the council to be careful about how they handled the apostles.
He reminded them of past examples like Theudas, who claimed to be
somebody but was killed and his followers scattered, and Judas of
Galilee, who led a revolt but also perished, with his followers
disbanded.
Using these examples, Gamaliel warned that if the
apostles movement was of human origin, it would fail on its own. But if
it was from God, then fighting against it would mean fighting against
God himself.
His advice calmed the situation, and the Sanhedrin
accepted his counsel. They decided not to kill the apostles. Instead,
they flogged them, warned them again not to preach in the name of Jesus,
and released them.
Gamaliel’s intervention helped preserve the
lives of the apostles and showed wisdom and tolerance in the face of
religious conflict.
OR
The intervention of Gamaliel
occurred during the early persecution of the apostles as recorded in
Acts of the Apostles chapter 5. After the apostles were arrested for
preaching about Jesus and performing miracles, they were brought before
the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council. The high priest and the
Sadducees were particularly angry because the apostles continued to
spread the gospel despite being warned not to.
The apostles
boldly declared that they must obey God rather than men and that Jesus,
whom the leaders had crucified, was risen and exalted by God. This
enraged the council and they considered putting the apostles to death.
At
this point, Gamaliel, a respected Pharisee and a teacher of the law
held in honor by all the people, stood up in the council. He ordered the
apostles to be put outside for a while so he could address the council.
In his speech, Gamaliel advised caution. He reminded them of past
examples of false leaders such as Theudas and Judas the Galilean, both
of whom gathered followers but were eventually killed, and their
movements faded away.
Gamaliel reasoned that if the apostles'
message was of human origin, it would fail just like the others.
However, if it was from God, they would not be able to stop it, and
might even find themselves fighting against God. His wise and moderate
counsel convinced the council.
The Sanhedrin agreed with
Gamaliel. Although they still had the apostles flogged and warned them
again not to speak in the name of Jesus, they spared their lives and
released them.
Gamaliel’s intervention is seen as a voice of
reason and wisdom that prevented the immediate execution of the apostles
and demonstrated the importance of allowing God's will to prevail.
(7b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Christians can promote the growth of the church by preaching the gospel to others.
(ii) They can participate actively in church activities and programs.
(iii) They can give financial support to the church through tithes and offerings.
(iv) They can live righteous and Christ-like lives to attract unbelievers.
(v) They can pray regularly for the growth and unity of the church.
(8a)
In his first epistle, Peter exhorts Christians to remind them of their unique identity and responsibility in Christ. He refers to believers as a “chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, and God’s own people,” emphasizing that Christians are set apart for divine purposes. This statement is deeply rooted in Old Testament language but applied by Peter to the New Testament church to show that, through Christ, Christians have inherited a new covenant status.
Peter exhorts Christians to live as people who have received mercy and have been called out of darkness into God's marvelous light. He encourages them to reflect this transformation in their conduct. As a royal priesthood, believers are expected to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God. This means that their lives should be marked by holiness, service, worship, and obedience. They are not just passive recipients of grace but active participants in God’s redemptive plan.
He further warns them to abstain from the passions of the flesh, which wage war against the soul. Peter’s exhortation stresses the need for moral purity and spiritual discipline. Christians are to be different from the world, not through isolation, but by their conduct. This conduct is a witness to unbelievers, as Peter urges believers to live honorably among the Gentiles so that even those who accuse them of wrongdoing may see their good deeds and glorify God.
Peter also calls on Christians to submit to authority, be it governmental or social, not out of fear but out of reverence for God. He understands that many Christians faced persecution and rejection, but he urges them not to respond with retaliation or bitterness. Instead, they are to follow the example of Christ, who suffered unjustly yet remained faithful and obedient.
Peter exhorts believers to love one another deeply, from the heart. Since they have been born again through the living and abiding word of God, their relationships must be marked by compassion, sincerity, and humility. Love, according to Peter, is the binding force that holds the Christian community together and a crucial aspect of their witness.
Peter reminds them that their identity comes with a mission, to declare the praises of Him who called them. Christians are called to be witnesses through word and lifestyle. Their purpose is not self-glorification but the glorification of God. In summary, Peter’s exhortation is a call to live a holy, disciplined, and loving life that reflects their new identity in Christ and draws others to the light of God’s salvation.
OR
Apostle Peter reminds Christians of their new identity and spiritual heritage through the statement, “But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, God’s own people.” This statement is rich in meaning and serves as a call for Christians to live lives worthy of their calling. Peter was writing to Christians scattered across regions who were experiencing trials and persecution, and he wanted to encourage them with the truth of who they had become in Christ.
By calling them a “chosen race,” Peter emphasizes that Christians are not ordinary people but have been specifically selected by God for a divine purpose. This echoes the Old Testament description of Israel, showing that just as Israel was chosen to be God’s people, so are all who believe in Jesus Christ. This election is not based on personal merit but on God’s grace, and it demands a life of obedience and holiness in return.
The phrase “royal priesthood” points to the dual role Christians play in the spiritual realm. As priests, they are to offer spiritual sacrifices, such as prayers, praises, acts of kindness, and lives that honor God. As royalty, they share in the authority and inheritance of Christ the King. This means they should live with dignity, purpose, and responsibility, knowing they represent God’s kingdom on earth.
Peter also describes them as a “holy nation,” which indicates that Christians are set apart for God’s service. Holiness here refers not just to moral purity but also to being different from the world in values, conduct, and priorities. Christians are not to conform to the sinful ways of the world but should reflect the character of God in all they do.
Being “God’s own people” further confirms that Christians belong to God. They are no longer strangers or outsiders but are now His possession. This relationship brings great privilege but also a responsibility to live according to God's standards. Peter exhorts believers to proclaim the excellencies of God who called them out of darkness into His marvelous light. Their lives should shine as testimonies of God's transformative power.
He also urges them to abstain from fleshly desires that wage war against the soul and to maintain good conduct among non-believers. In doing so, they would silence the ignorance of foolish people and glorify God. Christians are to live with humility, respect for authority, love for one another, and a pure heart.
Peter’s message is clear, Christians must remember who they are in Christ and reflect that identity through their behavior, love, and witness to the world.
(8b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Studying and meditating on the Word of God regularly
(ii) Praying constantly for strength and guidance
(iii) Fellowshipping with other believers for encouragement and accountability
(iv) Avoiding environments and associations that promote sinful behavior
(v) Relying on the power of the Holy Spirit to overcome fleshly desires
(9a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
In his epistle, James warns Christians against showing partiality or favoritism, especially in their gatherings. He observed that some believers were giving special treatment to the rich, offering them the best seats while looking down on the poor. James strongly condemned this behavior, calling it inconsistent with the faith in Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory.
He explained that favoritism is a form of discrimination and a sin against the royal law, which states: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” James emphasized that if they showed partiality, they were committing sin and were convicted by the law as transgressors.
It was in this context that James declared that whoever keeps the whole law but fails in one point is guilty of breaking all of it. He explained that the same God who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not kill.” Therefore, even if someone does not commit adultery but commits murder, the person is still a lawbreaker.
James urged believers to speak and act as those who would be judged by the law of liberty. He reminded them that judgment would be without mercy for those who have shown no mercy. He concluded that mercy triumphs over judgment.
Through this teaching, James stressed the importance of consistent obedience to God’s commandments and the need to treat all people equally, regardless of status or wealth.
OR
James taught Christians that showing partiality, especially in favor of the rich over the poor, is a serious offense against the Christian faith. He observed that in Christian gatherings, some people gave more honor to the rich by offering them special seats while neglecting the poor or treating them with contempt. James warned that this behavior was evil and did not reflect the nature of God’s kingdom.
He reminded believers of the royal law which says: “Love your neighbor as yourself.” According to him, favoritism violates this command and therefore becomes a sin. James pointed out that anyone who shows partiality is a transgressor of the law.
To emphasize his point, James stated that whoever keeps the whole law but fails in one point is guilty of breaking all of it. He explained that the law is one body, and the same God who gave one command also gave the others. Therefore, breaking one part of the law is equivalent to breaking the whole law. For instance, a person who does not commit adultery but commits murder is still a lawbreaker.
James urged Christians to live and act as people who will be judged by the law of liberty, which emphasizes love and mercy. He concluded by warning that those who fail to show mercy will also face judgment without mercy. However, mercy triumphs over judgment.
In this teaching, James highlights the unity of God's law, the need for love and fairness in human relationships, and the danger of selective obedience to God's commandments.
(9b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Discrimination creates enmity among groups and individuals, leading to tension, conflict, and lack of unity within the society.
(ii) It prevents some people from accessing education, employment, and social services, thereby limiting their contributions to national development.
(iii) When people are judged by ethnicity, gender, or religion rather than ability, their talents and potential are ignored, leading to underutilization of human capital.
(iv) Discrimination breeds unfair treatment and inequality, which can result in resentment, protests, and unrest among marginalized groups.
(v) A society that excludes certain groups cannot experience full development, as it denies itself the benefits of inclusiveness and shared responsibility.
D. 2025 WAEC ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS STUDIES (IRS) ESSAY (THEORY) ANSWERS
(1a)
Jahiliyyah literally means ignorance.
Technically,
Jahiliyyah refers to the period of ignorance or the dark age in Arabia
before the coming of Islam. It was a time when people had no divine
guidance. They worshipped idols, practiced immorality, buried their
female children alive, and lived in tribal conflicts and injustice. This
period ended with the arrival of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and the
revelation of the Qur’an, which brought light and guidance.
(1b)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Naa’ilah
(ii) Hubal
(iii) Al-‘Uzza
(iv) Isaaf
(v) Manat
(vi) Al-Lat
(1c)
(i)
Polytheism to Monotheism; Before Islam, Arabs worshipped many gods and
idols. Islam introduced the belief in one God, Allah, ending idol
worship. This shift united the Arabs under a single faith and emphasized
worship of only Allah, bringing spiritual and social unity.
(ii)
Improvement in Women’s Status; Islam ended many harsh practices against
women, such as burying female babies alive. It gave women rights to
inherit property, receive dowries, and have a say in marriage. This
improved their social and economic status significantly.
(iii)
Ending Social Corruption; Islam prohibited common corrupt practices like
drinking alcohol, gambling, and adultery, which were widespread in
Jahiliyyah society. This helped promote a healthier and more ethical
community life.
(iv) Establishing Justice (Al-‘Adl); Islam
emphasized fairness and honesty, replacing cheating and oppression. It
particularly protected vulnerable groups like orphans and the poor,
ensuring their rights were respected in society.
(v) Ending
Tribalism and Promoting Equality; Before Islam, Arabs were divided into
tribes with fierce loyalty, often leading to conflict. Islam taught that
no tribe or race is superior to another, promoting unity and
brotherhood among all people.
(vi) Moral Reformation; Islam
encouraged good morals such as truthfulness, kindness, humility, respect
for parents, and fulfilling promises. This helped correct the moral
decline and ignorance (Jahiliyyah) of the pre-Islamic period.
(2a)
Bismillahi Rahmanir Rahim
(i) Iza ja'a nasrullahi wal-fath
(ii) Wa ra'ayta an-nasa yadkhuloona fi dini Allahi afwaja
(iii) Fasabbih bihamdi Rabbika wastaghfirhu innahu kana tawwaba
OR
(2b)
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful (i) When Allah’s help and victory come, (ii) And you see people entering Allah’s religion (Islam) in crowds, (iii) So glorify the praises of your Lord, and seek His forgiveness. Certainly, He is ever ready to forgive.
(2c)
(i) The Surah teaches that Allah (SWT) promises to help His followers over their enemies.
(ii) It also teaches that Allah (SWT) protects His religion and those who work for the propagation of Islam.
(iii) It teaches that Allah (SWT) fulfills His promise to His servants, but often tests their faith first. Man should not expect immediate success, but should do his duty and have full confidence in Allah (SWT).
(iv) It teaches that help and victory from Allah (SWT) come only after effort and struggle.
(v) The Surah teaches us to seek forgiveness from Allah (SWT), for He is always ready to forgive.
(vi) The Surah reminds Muslims to remain humble and spiritually alert, even at the peak of success and achievement.
(3a)
Iman is the believing in everything that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and believing in the Six Pillars of Faith.
(3b)
(i) Belief in the Oneness of Allah
(ii) Belief in His Angels
(iii) Belief in His Books
(iv) Belief in His Prophets
(v) Belief in the Day of Judgment
(vi) Belief in Divine Decree (Qadar)
(3c)
(i) Contentment and Acceptance: Recognizing that everything is decreed by God helps believers.
(ii)
Avoiding Envy and Resentment: Believing in Qadar helps prevent envy by
understanding that God has already written what each person is meant to
have.
(iii) Peace of Mind: Knowing that everything is decreed by God gives peace of mind.
(iv) Understanding Divine Test: Believers recognize that trials and tribulations are parts of God’s plan to test their faith.
(v)
Focus on Deeds and Actions: While accepting the Divine Decree,
believers are still encouraged to strive for good deeds and actions.
(vi) Humility and Trust: Believing in Qadar fosters humility by recognizing that human understanding is limited.
(vii) Trusting in God’s Wisdom: He who believes in Qadar will not wait for what he will do without God.
(viii) Understanding that all events are part of God’s plan:
All things that happen to mankind is from God and it has been written and ordained.
OR
(3a)
Iman
is an Arabic term that refers to faith or belief in Islam. It is a
fundamental concept that shapes a Muslim’s understanding, guiding their
thoughts, words, and actions in accordance with the teachings of Allah
and His Messenger. Iman involves complete trust, acceptance, and
submission to the will of Allah in all aspects of life.
(3b)
(i) Belief in Allah
(ii) Belief in Allah’s Angels
(iii) Belief in the Revealed Books
(iv) Belief in Allah’s Prophets
(v) Belief in the Last Day
(vi) Belief in Destiny (Qadar – good or bad)
(3c)
(i) We should always pray to Allah for help in everything we do.
(ii) Good times and hard times come from Allah, so we should stay humble and patient.
(iii) We must try our best, but understand that success comes only if Allah wills it.
(iv) Whatever happens is part of Allah’s plan, and we should trust His wisdom.
(v) Everyone is responsible for their own actions, even though Allah knows what will happen.
(vi) Allah knows everything, and nothing is hidden from Him.
(vii) Believing in the Prophets teaches us to obey Allah and follow their good examples.
(viii) Believing in the Last Day reminds us to do good, because we will be rewarded or punished for our deeds.
(4a)
Marriage
(Nikah) is a legally binding contract between a man and a woman
signifying their union for life. It is a contract which is valid with
mutual consent, capacity to enter the contract and witnesses present.
(4bi)
(i) Providing for his wife: A responsible man must provide for his wife so as to make her comfortable.
(ii) Emotional Support: He should provide emotional support during challenging times, especially during pregnancy.
(iii) Moral Guidance: The husband is encouraged to guide his wife towards virtuous behavior and away from harmful acts.
(iv) Kindness and Compassion: He should treat his wife with compassion and understanding, avoiding insults and humiliation.
(v)
Maintaining the Marital Bond: He should actively work to strengthen the
marital bond through physical intimacy and constant communication.
(vi)
Maintenance (Nafaqah): The husband is obligated to provide for his
wife’s basic needs, including food, clothing, shelter, and medical
expenses.
(4bii)
(i) Maintaining the Home: Managing the household affairs and ensuring a clean environment.
(ii) Raising Children: Taking primary responsibility for the upbringing and moral education of their children.
(iii) Obedience and Respect: Showing respect and obedience to her husband.
(iv) Responding to his Marital needs: Fulfilling her husband's sexual rights within the bounds of Islamic law.
(v) Protecting his Property: Her properties are to be protected even if he is not around.
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