![2023 WAEC GCE Civic Education Answers [18th November]](https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T024q_medCM/WnP5kDhgOJI/AAAAAAAAAio/eU-2YkbTJWMs3FuqR_2ZRBp928Xor7-EQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/WAEC%2BLOGO.png "2023 WAEC GCE Civic Education Answers [18th November]")
Saturday, 18th November, 2023
2023 WAEC GCE CIVIC EDUCATION QUESTIONS
SECTION A
1. State five roles of government agencies in ensuring compliance with traffic regulations2. Explain five hindrances to the rights of individuals and groups in the society
3 Define
a. Tolerance
b. Outline six ways tolerance can be promoted among the various ethnic groups in Nigeria
SECTION B
b. Outline six different ways Nigerian youth can be empowered.
5. State five ways cultism is promoting insecurity in Nigeria
6. Highlight five ways of supporting People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)
SECTION C
8. Explain five instruments employed by civil society organizations (CSO) to influence positive change in the society
9. Outline five consequences of citizens non involvement in political affairs of a nation.
A. 2023 WAEC GCE CIVIC EDUCATION OBJECTIVES (OBJ) ANSWERS | 18TH NOVEMBER, 2023
1-10: ABDBDACDCB11-20: CBAACDDADD
21-30: DCDACCDAAA
31-40: ADBDBCCDBC
41-50: BACBBBBCAA
B. 2023 WAEC GCE CIVIC EDUCATION ESSAY (THEORY) ANSWERS | 18TH NOVEMBER, 2023
(2)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Discrimination and
Prejudice: Discrimination based on factors such as race, ethnicity,
gender, religion, sexual orientation, or socio-economic status can
hinder individuals and groups from fully enjoying their rights.
Prejudiced attitudes contribute to unequal treatment and opportunities.
(ii)
Social and Economic Inequality: Widening gaps in wealth and social
status create disparities in access to education, healthcare,
employment, and other essential services. Economic inequality can limit
the ability of certain groups to exercise their rights fully.
(iii)
Lack of Access to Education: Inadequate access to quality education can
hinder the realization of individual and group rights. Without
education, individuals may struggle to fully participate in social,
economic, and political aspects of society.
(iv) Political
Repression and Lack of Civic Engagement: Suppression of political
freedoms, restrictions on free speech, and limited civic engagement can
impede the ability of individuals and groups to voice their concerns and
participate in decision-making processes.
(v) Injustice in Legal
Systems: Biased legal systems, corruption, and lack of access to
justice can undermine individuals' and groups' rights. Unequal
application of the law can perpetuate injustice and hinder the
protection of fundamental rights.
(vi) Violence and Conflict:
Individuals and groups living in areas affected by violence, conflict,
or persecution often face severe hindrances to their rights. Armed
conflicts can lead to displacement, loss of life, and violations of
basic human rights.
(vii) Cultural and Religious Practices:
Certain cultural or religious practices may conflict with universal
human rights standards. Traditional norms that discriminate against
specific groups, such as women or minorities, can hinder the full
enjoyment of their rights.
(viii) Lack of Legal Protections and
Enforcement: Inadequate legal frameworks and weak enforcement mechanisms
contribute to the violation of rights. Without effective legal
protections, individuals and groups may be left vulnerable to abuse and
exploitation.
(3a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Tolerance
refers to the ability to accept, respect, and coexist with opinions,
behaviors, or characteristics that differ from your own without
prejudice or hostility.
OR
Tolerance refers to the
willingness to recognize and respect the rights, beliefs, practices, and
differences of others, promoting harmony and understanding within a
diverse society. It involves accepting and valuing diversity while
peacefully coexisting despite differing viewpoints or backgrounds.
(3b)
(PICK ANY SIX)
(i)
Education and Awareness: Implementing inclusive curricula that
highlight Nigeria's diverse cultures, histories, and traditions to
foster understanding and respect among different ethnic groups.
(ii)
Interethnic Dialogue and Collaboration: Encouraging open discussions,
forums, and community events that facilitate dialogue, promote
understanding, and address misconceptions or stereotypes between ethnic
groups.
(iii) Government Policies: Implementing inclusive
policies that ensure equal representation and participation of all
ethnic groups in governance, public institutions, and decision-making
processes.
(iv) Cultural Exchange Programs: Organizing cultural
events, exchanges, and initiatives that celebrate the diversity of
Nigeria's ethnic groups, fostering appreciation and mutual
understanding.
(v) Conflict Resolution Mechanisms: Establishing
effective conflict resolution mechanisms at local and national levels to
address disputes peacefully and prevent escalation along ethnic lines.
(vi)
Media and Communication: Encouraging responsible and inclusive media
representation that portrays the richness of Nigeria's ethnic diversity
and avoids perpetuating stereotypes or prejudices.
(vii)
Promoting National Identity: Emphasizing common national values and
identities that transcend ethnic differences, fostering a sense of unity
and belonging among all Nigerians.
(5)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)
Violent Clashes and Conflicts: Cult groups often engage in violent
clashes with rival factions, leading to bloodshed and loss of lives.
These clashes create an atmosphere of insecurity in communities where
these groups operate.
(ii) Assassinations and Targeted Killings:
Cultists are known to carry out assassinations and targeted killings of
rival cult members, perceived enemies, or individuals who pose a threat
to their interests. These acts contribute to a sense of insecurity as
people fear for their lives.
(iii) Intimidation and Coercion:
Cult groups use intimidation and coercion to control and dominate
communities. Residents may live in constant fear due to the potential
for violence and retribution, leading to a breakdown of social order.
(iv)
Extortion and Illegal Levies: Cult groups often engage in extortion and
demand illegal levies from businesses, residents, and students. Failure
to comply with these demands can result in violence or other punitive
measures, contributing to economic insecurity.
(v) Infiltration
of Institutions: Cultism has infiltrated educational institutions, with
cult groups operating within schools and universities. This infiltration
disrupts the normal functioning of these institutions, creating an
environment of fear and insecurity.
(vi) Drug Trafficking and
Abuse: Cult groups may be involved in drug trafficking and abuse,
contributing to the overall insecurity by fostering addiction issues,
drug-related crimes, and associated social problems.
(vii)
Gang-Related Crimes: Cultists often engage in various criminal
activities such as armed robbery, kidnapping, and cybercrime. These
crimes contribute to the overall insecurity in affected regions.
(viii)
Disruption of Social Harmony: Cultism disrupts social harmony and
cohesion within communities. The existence of rival cult groups and the
fear they instill can lead to the breakdown of trust among community
members, further contributing to insecurity.
(6)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Medical Care and Treatment:
Ensure
access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and other necessary medical
care. Regular medical check-ups and adherence to prescribed medications
are essential for managing HIV/AIDS and maintaining overall health.
(ii)
Psychosocial Support: Offer emotional and psychological support to
PLWHA. This can include counseling services, support groups, and
interventions to address mental health challenges often associated with
the diagnosis.
(iii) Education and Awareness: Promote education
and awareness about HIV/AIDS to reduce stigma and discrimination.
Providing accurate information helps dispel myths and misconceptions
surrounding the virus, fostering a more supportive and understanding
community.
(iv) Nutritional Support: Ensure access to proper
nutrition. A well-balanced diet is vital for the overall health of
PLWHA, especially as HIV/AIDS can impact the immune system and
nutritional status.
(v) Financial Assistance: Provide financial
assistance or link PLWHA to resources that can help them meet their
basic needs, including housing, food, and transportation to medical
appointments.
(vi) Legal Support: Offer legal support to address
issues related to discrimination, workplace rights, and access to
healthcare. Ensuring that PLWHA are aware of their legal rights can
contribute to a supportive and inclusive environment.
(vii)
Skills Training and Employment Opportunities: Facilitate skills training
programs and create opportunities for PLWHA to gain employment.
Economic empowerment is essential for individuals to achieve financial
independence and improve their overall well-being.
(viii) Child
and Family Support: Provide support for families affected by HIV/AIDS,
including assistance with childcare, education, and counseling.
Strengthening family units can have a positive impact on the overall
support system for PLWHA.
(8)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)
Community Mobilization: Civil society organizations (CSOs) engage
communities directly, organizing them around specific issues, empowering
individuals to participate actively in decision-making processes and
taking collective actions towards change.
(ii) Legal Advocacy:
Through legal advocacy, CSOs use the legal system to challenge
injustices, advocate for policy changes, or defend the rights of
marginalized groups, often through litigation, legal advice, or support.
(iii)
Social Media and Communication: Civil society organizations (CSOs)
leverage social media platforms, traditional media, and communication
channels to disseminate information, raise awareness, mobilize support,
and influence public opinion on critical social issues.
(iv)
Capacity Building and Training: By offering skill-building workshops,
training sessions, and educational programs, CSOs empower individuals
and communities with the knowledge and tools needed to address societal
challenges and advocate for change effectively.
(v) Policy
Research and Analysis: Civil society organizations (CSOs) conduct
in-depth research, policy analysis, and data collection to produce
evidence-based reports and recommendations. These findings are used to
influence policymakers, advocating for policies that address societal
issues.
(vi) Partnerships and Collaboration: Civil society
organizations (CSOs) collaborate with other organizations, governments,
academia, businesses, and international bodies to combine efforts, share
resources, and pool expertise, enhancing their collective impact and
effectiveness in driving positive societal changes.
(9)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)
Weakened Democracy: A lack of citizen involvement can lead to a
weakened democratic system. Democracy relies on active citizen
participation, and when citizens disengage, it undermines the core
principles of representative government.
(ii) Lack of
Accountability: Citizens' non-involvement may result in a lack of
accountability among elected officials. When citizens do not actively
participate in monitoring government actions, there is less pressure on
leaders to act transparently and responsively.
(iii) Policy
Mismatch: Without citizen input, policies may not align with the needs
and preferences of the population. The government may enact measures
that do not address the real concerns of the people, leading to a
mismatch between policies and public needs.
(iv) Corruption and
Mismanagement: Non-involvement can create an environment conducive to
corruption and mismanagement. Lack of oversight allows for unchecked
actions by public officials, potentially leading to the misuse of public
resources and abuse of power.
(v) Erosion of Civic Values: Civic
engagement is essential for the cultivation of democratic values such
as tolerance, respect for diversity, and a commitment to the common
good. Non-involvement can contribute to the erosion of these values,
leading to a more divided and polarized society.
(vi) Social
Injustice: When citizens are not actively engaged, social injustice may
persist. Marginalized groups may continue to face discrimination and
inequality without sufficient advocacy and pressure for change.
(vii)
Diminished Trust in Institutions: Non-involvement can result in
diminished trust in public institutions. Citizens may become cynical
about the effectiveness and legitimacy of governmental bodies, further
eroding confidence in the democratic process.
(viii) Vulnerable
to Authoritarianism: A passive citizenry creates an environment in which
authoritarian tendencies may thrive. Leaders may exploit the lack of
active engagement to consolidate power, suppress dissent, and undermine
democratic institutions.
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