![2023 NECO GCE Biology (Essay & OBJ) Answers [11th December]](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit60GqUzL1yU6CEh1H4FVh2SXuOwdumCPBDVGnE8lUyiEpq5sQ7C8cupUjnyxQlFKBzKnLnh66F7OzHBjil1nY6hZCdESmk_ADBxHUgxKWTvA6JMsmFE0GOCf5P3QSeWqf10azbIKOoq0/s1600/NECO.jpg "2023 NECO GCE Biology (Essay & OBJ) Answers [11th December]")
NECO GCE BIOLOGY (ESSAY) ANSWERS 2023:
(1ai)
Organic evolution refers to the gradual change in the
genetic makeup of a population over generations, resulting in the
development of new species from pre-existing ones. It involves the
processes of natural selection and genetic variation.
(1aii)
(i) Animals
(ii) wind
(1aiii)
(i)
Photosynthesis is a process in which plants convert carbon dioxide and
water into glucose and oxygen, using light energy. While Respiration is a
process in which cells break down glucose to produce energy, releasing
carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
(ii) Photosynthesis occurs in
the chloroplasts of plant cells, while respiration occurs in the
mitochondria of both plant and animal cells.
(1aiv)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Cell elongation: Auxin promotes elongation of plant cells, leading to growth and development.
(ii) Apical dominance: Auxin inhibits the growth of lateral buds, directing the plant's growth towards the main apical bud.
(iii)
Tropisms: Auxin plays a role in tropisms, such as phototropism (growth
towards light) and gravitropism (response to gravity).
(iv) Root formation: Auxin stimulates the formation of roots in cuttings, aiding in vegetative propagation.
(1bi)
Metamorphosis
in houseflies (Musca domestica) involves distinct stages of
development. It starts with an egg, which hatches into a larva or
maggot. The larva goes through several instars, growing in size and
molting its exoskeleton. After the larval stage, it enters the pupal
stage, during which it undergoes internal changes and transforms into an
adult housefly. The adult housefly emerges from the pupa, ready for
reproduction.
(1bii)
(i) Cell: A cell is the basic unit of
life. There are two kinds of cells: plant cells, which have a rigid cell
wall made of cellulose molecules, and animal cells, which have flexible
cell membranes. Cell biologists consider questions such as metabolism
and other questions about structure and function within and between
cells.
(ii) Tissue: Tissue is made of cells that work together to
perform a certain task. Muscle tissue, connective tissue, and neural
tissue are some types of tissue. Histologists are an example of
biologists who work at this level.
(iii) Organ: An organ is a
system of tissues that work together on a larger scale to do certain
jobs within an animal's body. Examples of organs are the brain, heart
and lungs. Anatomy is an example of a biology specialty concerned with
this level.
(iv) Organ System: An organ system is a group of
organs that work together to perform specific bodily functions. The
respiratory system, for example, uses the lungs, airways and respiratory
muscles to inhale oxygen and release carbon dioxide in animals.
Physiologists study the function of parts of the body as they work
together. Though physiologists can work at any level of biological
organization, they often answer questions related to organ systems.
(v)
Organism: An organism is a recognizable, self-contained individual.
Organisms can be unicellular organisms such as bacteria or amoebae, or
multi-cellular organisms comprised of organs and organ systems. A human
being is an example of a multi-cellular organism.
(2ai)
The process involves the activation of dormant tissues within the seed, leading to the development of a young plant includes:
(i) Imbibition: The seed absorbs water from the soil, causing it to swell and activate biochemical processes within the seed.
(ii)
Activation of Enzymes: The imbibed water activates enzymes within the
seed, which initiate the metabolic processes necessary for germination.
(iii)
Mobilization of Stored Energy: The stored energy reserves, such as
starch and proteins, within the seed are broken down into simple sugars
to provide energy for the growing embryo.
(iv) Growth of the Embryo:
The embryo grows, and the radicle (primary root) emerges from the seed,
followed by the emergence of the shoot, which develops into the stem and
leaves.
(v) Photosynthesis: As the shoot emerges and develops
leaves, the plant is able to carry out photosynthesis, which provides it
with the energy to continue growing.
(2aii)
(i) Availability
of Resources: The availability of food, water, shelter, and suitable
habitat directly influences the population size.
(ii) Predation: The
presence of predators can limit the population size of organisms as they
prey on them, causing a decrease in the population.
(iii)
Competition: Competition for limited resources, such as food and
territory, can limit the population size of organisms as individuals
have to compete for these resources.
(iv) Disease and Parasites: The
presence of diseases and parasites can negatively impact the population
size by causing morbidity and mortality.
(2bi)
-Bush Burning:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Loss of vegetation: Bush burning destroys plants, resulting in a loss of habitat and decreased biodiversity.
(ii)
Soil degradation: Intense heat from bush burning can lead to soil
degradation, reducing its fertility and ability to support plant growth.
(iii)
Air pollution: Bush burning releases large amounts of smoke and
pollutants into the air, contributing to air pollution and affecting air
quality.
(iv) Disruption of natural cycles: Bush burning can disrupt natural ecological cycles, such as nutrient cycling and succession.
-Fertilizer Application:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i)
Eutrophication: Overuse or improper application of fertilizers can lead
to eutrophication, where excessive nutrients enter water bodies,
leading to algal blooms and oxygen depletion.
(ii) Soil pollution:
Certain fertilizers can contain harmful chemicals that can pollute the
soil, affecting soil quality and the health of organisms living in it.
(iii)
Biodiversity loss: Fertilizer application can favor the growth of
certain plant species, leading to a decrease in biodiversity as they
outcompete other species.
(iv) Water pollution: Runoff from excessive
fertilizer application can enter water bodies, contaminating them and
affecting aquatic ecosystems.
-Use of Pesticides:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i)
Harm to non-target organisms: Pesticides can harm not only the targeted
pests but also beneficial organisms such as pollinators, natural
predators, and soil organisms, affecting biodiversity.
(ii)
Bioaccumulation and biomagnification: Some pesticides can accumulate in
the body tissues of organisms and can become more concentrated as they
move up the food chain, posing a risk to higher-level consumers.
(iii)
Soil and water contamination: Pesticides can leach into the soil and be
carried into groundwater or runoff into water bodies, causing pollution
and affecting aquatic ecosystems.
(iv) Development of pesticide
resistance: Overuse of pesticides can lead to the development of
resistance in target pests, making them harder to control and requiring
stronger and potentially more harmful pesticides.
(2bii)
(i) Pulmonary Respiration
(ii) Cutaneous Respiration
(iii) Buccopharyngeal Respiration
(3ai)
DRAW THE DIAGRAM
(3aii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Yeast is commonly used in the production of bread to make it rise.
(ii) Yeast plays a crucial role in the fermentation process of brewing beer and making wine.
(iii) Yeast is used in the production of bioethanol, a renewable source of energy.
(iv) Yeast is used to produce various pharmaceutical products, including vaccines, enzymes, and antibiotics.
(3bi)
-Xylem:
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It Transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves of the plant.
(ii) It provides mechanical support to the plant.
(iii) It facilitates the movement of minerals and hormones within the plant.
(iv) It helps in the process of photosynthesis by supplying water to the leaves.
-Phloem:
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It transports organic materials such as sugars and amino acids from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
(ii) It provides a pathway for the distribution of nutrients and hormones throughout the plant.
(iii) It helps in the process of growth and development of the plant.
(iv) It allows for the storage and distribution of carbohydrates in the plant.
-Artery:
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues and organs of the body.
(ii) It distributes nutrients, hormones, and other substances to different parts of the body.
(iii) It helps regulate blood pressure through the contraction and relaxation of its smooth muscle walls.
(iv) It facilitates the removal of waste products, such as carbon dioxide, from the tissues.
-Vein:
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It carries deoxygenated blood from the tissues and organs of the body back to the heart.
(ii) It assists in the removal of waste products, such as carbon dioxide, from the tissues.
(iii) It returns excess fluids and proteins back to the bloodstream.
(iv) It helps regulate blood flow and maintain blood pressure.
(3bii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)
Water and nutrient uptake: Transpiration facilitates the movement of
water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves of plants. As water is
lost through transpiration, it creates a lower pressure in the leaf
cells, which pulls water and nutrients up from the roots.
(ii)
Cooling effect: Transpiration helps to cool down plants by evaporating
water from the leaves. This process, known as evaporative cooling, helps
regulate the temperature of plant tissues and prevents overheating.
(iii)
Photosynthesis: Transpiration provides the necessary water for the
process of photosynthesis. Water is one of the essential components for
photosynthesis, and without transpiration, plants would not be able to
produce glucose and oxygen.
(iv) Plant structure and support:
Transpiration plays a role in maintaining plant structure and supporting
tall plants. As water is lost through transpiration, it creates a
negative pressure in the xylem vessels, which helps to pull water and
provide support to the plant.
(v) Transport of minerals:
Transpiration creates a continuous flow of water and minerals from the
roots to other parts of the plant. This transport system ensures that
essential minerals, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, are distributed
evenly throughout the plant for growth and development.
(3biii)
(i) Use of contraceptive pills
(ii) Use of condoms
(iii) Use of intrauterine devices (IUDs)
(5ai)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Water
(ii) Oxygen
(iii) Temperature
(iv) Light m
(v) Soil or substrate
(vi) Time
(5aii)
In Tabular form
-Hormonal Coordination:
(PICK ANY THERE)
(i) Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands and released into the bloodstream.
(ii) Hormonal responses are slower and more gradual compared to nervous responses.
(iii) Hormonal responses are often long-lasting.
(iv) Hormonal communication is based on the release and diffusion of hormones throughout the body.
(v) Hormones act on specific target cells or organs that have appropriate receptors.
(vi) Hormonal coordination controls processes such as growth, development, reproduction, and metabolism.
-Nervous Coordination:
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Nerves are specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses rapidly.
(ii) Nervous responses are rapid and immediate.
(iii) Nervous responses are often short-lived.
(iv) Nervous coordination is based on the transmission of electrical signals along nerve cells.
(v) Nerves directly connect specific cells, tissues, and organs.
(vi) Nervous coordination controls processes such as movement, sensation, and reflex actions.
(5bi)
The following processes are involved during exhalation in human:
(i) The thoracic cavity first decreases
(ii) The diaphragm relaxes and assumes its dome-shape
(iii) The intercostal muscles relax
(iv) The sternum now moves inwards
(v) The ribs are moved downwards and inwards
(5bii)
(i)They have fleshy, water-storing tissues or specialized structures to reduce water loss.
(ii) They have smaller or modified leaves, such as spines or scales, to minimize water loss through transpiration.
(iii) They have deep and extensive root systems to reach underground water sources.
(iv) They have a waxy cuticle or hairy surfaces on their leaves to reduce water loss through evaporation.
(v) Some employ Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis, a specialized pathway that allows them to open their stomata at night, reducing water loss during the day.
NECO GCE BIOLOGY (OBJECTIVE) ANSWERS 2023:
1-10: CBDEDACCBD
11-20: AAEBCDDECB
21-30: BDCACBEAEE
31-40: DDCDEDCAAB
41-50: ADEEDADABE
51-60: EAAEACADAB
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