![2025 NECO Biology (OBJ & Essay) Answers [7th July]](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9f_kgZHkpwe3ZGRMKuPnGA-VD_OOBrZ8lPvbX2Ck7LqE2bxJno-zybxRraBaMGmR8NR5aUR9yODXkyg5Pk9H4I4xkxcu0GZSMrd5rmqt4Rgu31igdvKf2KMReKipXCIFKpgGzlPwI3rw/s1600/NECO.jpg "2025 NECO Biology (OBJ & Essay) Answers [7th July]")
A. 2025 NECO BIOLOGY (OBJECTIVES) ANSWERS:
11-20: CCAABBBDBE
21-30: BAACEECEAC
31-40: BBDEABDEBD
41-50: DEABEABDBE
51-60: CEBACDECEC
B. 2025 NECO BIOLOGY (ESSAY) ANSWERS:
VERSION 2
(1a)
(i) Calyx
(ii) Corolla
(iii) Androecium
(iv) Gynoecium
(1bi)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Protein
digestion in humans starts in the stomach, where hydrochloric acid and
an enzyme called pepsin break large protein molecules into smaller
pieces called peptides. In the small intestine, enzymes from the
pancreas, such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase, continue
to break down these peptides into even smaller units. Further digestion
happens with the help of enzymes in the intestinal walls, which change
the small peptides into amino acids. These amino acids are then absorbed
through the villi of the small intestine into the bloodstream and are
used by the body to build and repair tissues and for energy when needed.
OR
The
digestion of protein in humans begins in the stomach, where
hydrochloric acid helps to unfold proteins, and the enzyme pepsin breaks
them into smaller pieces called peptides. These peptides then move into
the small intestine, where pancreatic enzymes like trypsin and
chymotrypsin break them down further. Another enzyme, carboxypeptidase,
helps to release amino acids from the peptide chains. Finally, enzymes
in the wall of the small intestine complete the digestion, turning the
peptides into amino acids. These amino acids are then absorbed into the
bloodstream and used by the body for growth, repair, and energy when
necessary.
(1bii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Parenchyma
(ii) Collenchyma
(iii) Sclerenchyma
(iv) Xylem
(v) Phloem
(1ci)
(1cii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in living organisms.
(ii) They are protein in nature and can be denatured by heat and extreme pH.
(iii) Enzymes are specific in action, meaning each enzyme acts on a particular substrate.
(iv) They are not used up during the reactions they catalyse and can be reused.
(v) Enzymes work best at optimum temperature and pH for maximum activity
(2a)
(2bi)
Air Pollutants:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Carbon monoxide
(ii) Sulphur dioxide
(iii) Nitrogen oxides
(iv) Dust particles
Water Pollutants:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Sewage
(ii) Oil spillage
(iii) Dissolved fertilizers
(iv) Heavy metals (e.g., mercury, lead)
(v) Industrial effluents
(vi) Biodegradable waste
(2bii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Marginal placentation
(ii) Axile placentation
(iii) Parietal placentation
(iv) Basal placentation
(v) Free central placentation
(vi) Superficial placentation
(2c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Use of condoms
(ii) Use of oral contraceptive pills
(iii) Use of intrauterine devices (IUD)
(iv) Vasectomy in males
(v) Tubal ligation in females
(vi) Safe period (calendar method)
(3a)
During
the day, guard cells absorb water by osmosis due to the accumulation of
potassium ions, making them turgid and causing the stomatal pore to
open. At night or during water shortage, potassium ions leave the guard
cells, leading to water loss by osmosis. This makes the guard cells
flaccid, causing the stomatal pore to close, thus controlling gas
exchange and water loss in the plant.
(3bi)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Temperature
(ii) Light intensity
(iii) Water availability
(iv) Soil pH
(v) Humidity
(3bii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Kidneys
(ii) Lungs
(iii) Skin
(iv) Liver
(v) Large intestine
(3ci)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Blinking of the eyes
(ii) Withdrawal of hand from hot objects
(iii) Knee-jerk reflex
(iv) Sneezing
(v) Coughing
(vi) Pupil constriction to bright light
(3cii)
Chromosomes
are regarded as the basis of heredity because they carry genes that
determine the inheritable characteristics of organisms. These
chromosomes, found in the nucleus, are passed from parents to offspring
during reproduction, ensuring the transmission of genetic traits from
one generation to another.
(4ai)
(4aii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Hypermetropia,
also known as long-sightedness, is an eye defect in which a person can
see distant objects clearly but has difficulty seeing near objects
clearly. It occurs when the eyeball is too short or the lens is too
flat, causing light rays from near objects to be focused behind the
retina instead of on it.
OR
Hypermetropia is an eye defect
where a person can see distant objects clearly but finds it difficult
to see near objects clearly. This defect happens when the image of near
objects is formed behind the retina because the eyeball is too short or
the lens is not curved enough to focus the light rays properly.
(4bi)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) They are usually brightly coloured to attract insects.
(ii) They often produce nectar to lure insects for pollination.
(iii) They have large, sticky, or rough pollen grains that can attach to insect bodies.
(iv) They possess scented or sweet-smelling flowers to attract insects.
(v) The stigmas are usually sticky to trap pollen brought by insects.
(vi) The anthers are firmly attached to facilitate pollen transfer by insects.
(4bii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Destruction of farmlands and crops.
(ii) Soil erosion and loss of soil fertility.
(iii) Contamination of water sources with pollutants.
(iv) Displacement of people and wildlife from their habitats.
(v) Damage to roads, bridges, and infrastructure.
(vi) Increase in the spread of water-borne diseases.
(4c)
(i) Auxins
(ii) Gibberellins
(iii) Cytokinins
(iv) Abscisic acid
(v) Ethylene
(5a)
(5bi)
Ribosome:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-They help the cell to make proteins.
-They produce enzymes needed for the cell to work properly.
-They help to repair parts of the cell that are damaged.
Lysosome:
(PICK ANY ONE )
-They help the cell to digest food and other materials inside it.
-They can break down the cell when it dies or is damaged.
-They help to break down and remove waste products in the
(5bii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
At
each trophic level in a food chain, energy is lost due to respiration,
movement, excretion, and as heat. Only a small portion of energy (about
10%) is passed on to the next level, while the rest is used up by the
organism for its life processes or lost to the environment. This leads
to a progressive decrease in the amount of energy available as one moves
from producers to herbivores and then to carnivores in the food chain.
OR
There
is a progressive decrease in energy transferred along a food chain
because organisms use up energy for their metabolic activities such as
respiration, growth, movement, and maintaining body temperature.
Additionally, some energy is lost as heat to the environment and some as
waste materials. As a result, only a small fraction of energy is
transferred to the next trophic level, causing a continuous decrease in
energy along the food chain.
(5biii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Presence of a selectively permeable membrane
(ii) Difference in concentration of water molecules on both sides of the membrane.
(iii) The membrane must be thin to allow easy movement of water molecules.
(iv) The system should be in a fluid state (presence of water).
(v) Temperature should be suitable to allow the movement of water molecules.
(5c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Crop rotation
(ii) Contour ploughing
(iii) Terracing
(iv) Planting cover crops
(v) Afforestation
(vi) Strip cropping
(vii) Mulching
(viii) Controlled grazing
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