![2026 NECO Geography (OBJ & Practical) Answers [16th July]](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit60GqUzL1yU6CEh1H4FVh2SXuOwdumCPBDVGnE8lUyiEpq5sQ7C8cupUjnyxQlFKBzKnLnh66F7OzHBjil1nY6hZCdESmk_ADBxHUgxKWTvA6JMsmFE0GOCf5P3QSeWqf10azbIKOoq0/s1600/NECO.jpg "2026 NECO Geography (OBJ & Practical) Answers [16th July]")
A. NECO 2026 GEOGRAPHY (OBJECTIVES) ANSWERS:
1-10: ABDDCCCEBE11-20: DDAEBCCAED
21-30: EAEBEDABEA
31-40: AEDDBEBAAB
41-50: EDBABEBCEB
51-60: BBBCEEDDDD
B. NECO 2026 GEOGRAPHY (PRACTICAL) / PHYSICAL ANSWERS:
(1a)
(1b)
(i) Settlement: This is shown by the built-up areas at Gulu, Gulu West and Vulegbo, where houses are closely grouped.
(ii)
Transportation: Evidenced by the network of major and minor roads
linking Gulu, Gulu West and Vulegbo, showing the area is used for
movement of people and goods.
(iii) Agriculture: Indicated by the
extensive open land with scattered vegetation and very few buildings,
suggesting that much of the land is under cultivation and farming
activities.
(1c)
RELIEF:
(i) The area is generally undulating.
(ii) Elevation ranges from about 250m to about 700m.
(iii) High hills occur mainly in the south-western part of the map.
(iv) The area around Gulu West and Vulegbo is relatively low and gently sloping.
(v) Slopes are steep where contours are closely spaced and gentle where contours are widely spaced.
DRAINAGE:
(i) The area is well drained by several streams.
(ii) The streams form a dendritic drainage pattern.
(iii) Many tributaries join the main streams.
(iv) Most streams rise from the higher ground and flow into the lower areas.
(v) Some roads cross the streams by bridges.
(2a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
The
solar system is the Sun and all the celestial bodies that revolve
around it under the influence of its gravitational force. These include
the eight planets, their natural satellites, asteroids, comets,
meteoroids and other smaller bodies.
OR
The solar system
is the collection of the Sun and all the planets and other heavenly
bodies that are held together by the Sun's gravitational attraction and
revolve around it.
(2b)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Earth supports life
because it has water, oxygen and a moderate temperature, whereas Venus
has an extremely hot atmosphere rich in carbon dioxide and does not
support life.
OR
Earth has one natural satellite called the Moon, while Venus has no natural satellite.
(2c)
(3a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) A plateau is a broad, elevated area of land with a relatively flat or gently undulating surface.
(ii) It rises steeply above the surrounding lowlands.
(iii) It has a wide and level or gently sloping top.
(iv) It is often dissected by rivers and deep valleys.
(v) It usually stands several hundred metres above sea level.
(vi) It has steep sides or escarpments.
(vii) Plateaux may be formed by volcanic activity, uplift or erosion.
(3b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i)
Agriculture: Plateaux provide suitable land for the cultivation of
crops and the rearing of livestock. Their cool climate and well-drained
soils encourage the growth of crops such as potatoes, maize, coffee and
vegetables. Large areas of flat or gently sloping land also make
mechanised farming easier and more productive.
(ii) Mineral
Resources: Many plateaux contain valuable mineral deposits such as tin,
gold, iron ore, coal and limestone. These minerals are mined for
industrial use, employment creation and foreign exchange earnings.
Mining activities on plateaux also stimulate the growth of industries
and improve the economy of surrounding communities.
(iii) Tourism
and Recreation: Plateaux attract tourists because of their scenic
landscapes, waterfalls, cool climate and unique vegetation. Tourist
centres established on plateaux generate income for governments and
local people through entrance fees, accommodation, transport services
and the sale of local crafts and agricultural products.
(iv)
Hydroelectric Power Generation: Rivers flowing from plateaux often
descend steep slopes, forming rapids and waterfalls suitable for
hydroelectric power generation. Electricity produced from these rivers
supplies homes, industries and commercial activities. It also promotes
industrial development and improves the standard of living in nearby
settlements.
(v) Settlement: Plateaux provide favourable sites
for human settlement because they are generally free from flooding and
enjoy cooler temperatures than surrounding lowlands. The firm ground
makes building easier, while the healthy climate encourages population
growth and supports the development of towns and social amenities.
(vi)
Transportation: The broad and relatively level surfaces of many
plateaux make the construction of roads, railways and communication
facilities easier than in rugged mountainous areas. Good transport
networks facilitate trade, movement of people and agricultural produce,
thereby promoting economic development.
(vii) Grazing of
Livestock: Plateaux support natural grasses that provide good pasture
for grazing cattle, sheep and goats. The cool climate reduces the spread
of some livestock diseases and creates favourable conditions for animal
husbandry. This encourages meat and milk production and provides
employment for pastoral farmers.
(viii) Forestry and Wildlife
Conservation: Some plateaux support forests and wildlife reserves
because of their favourable climate and vegetation. These forests
provide timber, fuelwood, medicinal plants and other forest products.
Wildlife reserves on plateaux also promote biodiversity conservation,
scientific research and eco-tourism.
(4a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
A
fault is a fracture or crack in the Earth's crust along which rocks on
either side have moved or been displaced due to tectonic forces.
OR
A
fault is a break or crack in the Earth's crust where movement or
displacement of rocks has occurred as a result of earth movements or
tectonic forces.
(4b)
(4c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Plains provide fertile land for crop cultivation.
(ii) They encourage settlement because of their flat surface.
(iii) They make the construction of roads, railways and airports easier.
(iv) They promote industrial and commercial development.
(v) They provide good grazing land for livestock.
(vi) They facilitate mechanized farming.
(vii) They support the development of towns and cities.
(viii) They encourage transportation and communication.
(ix) They provide sites for recreational and sporting activities.
(x) They attract population concentration due to favourable living conditions.
(5a)
(5b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)
Heating from the Earth's surface: The atmosphere is heated mainly by
heat radiated from the Earth's surface. As altitude increases, the air
is farther from the source of heat, so the temperature decreases.
(ii)
Expansion of air: Air pressure decreases with height, causing the air
to expand. During expansion, the air loses heat (adiabatic cooling),
leading to a fall in temperature.
(iii) Thin atmosphere: The air
becomes less dense at higher altitudes and contains fewer gases and
water vapour to absorb and retain heat. As a result, the temperature
becomes lower.
(iv) Reduction in water vapour: As altitude
increases, the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere decreases. Since
water vapour absorbs and retains heat, less water vapour means less
heat is retained, resulting in lower temperatures.
(6ai)
Cloud cover:
(PICK ANY ONE)
Cloud
cover is the amount or proportion of the sky that is covered by clouds
at a particular place and time. It is usually expressed in oktas or as a
percentage of the sky covered by clouds. Cloud cover influences the
amount of solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface. Thick cloud
cover reduces the amount of sunshine received during the day, resulting
in lower daytime temperatures, while at night it helps to trap heat
radiated from the Earth's surface, making the night warmer. Cloud cover
is observed and measured by meteorologists to help forecast weather
conditions.
OR
Cloud cover is the portion of the sky
covered by clouds at a particular place and time. It is an important
element of weather because it determines the amount of solar radiation
that reaches the Earth's surface. When cloud cover is thick, less
sunlight reaches the ground, resulting in lower daytime temperatures. At
night, clouds reduce the loss of heat from the Earth's surface, making
the atmosphere warmer. Cloud cover also influences rainfall and is
commonly estimated in oktas or as a percentage of the sky covered by
clouds.
(6aii)
Sunshine:
(PICK ANY ONE)
Sunshine is the
amount or duration of direct sunlight received at a place over a given
period, usually measured in hours per day. It is produced when the sun's
rays reach the Earth's surface without being blocked by clouds.
Sunshine is an important element of weather because it provides heat and
light needed for plant growth, influences temperature, promotes
evaporation, and affects human activities such as farming and tourism.
Sunshine is measured with an instrument called the sunshine recorder.
OR
Sunshine
is the direct radiation or light received from the sun at a particular
place over a given period. It is commonly measured in hours using a
sunshine recorder. Sunshine is important because it provides energy for
photosynthesis, increases the temperature of the Earth's surface,
promotes evaporation, and influences weather and climate. The amount of
sunshine received depends on factors such as cloud cover, season,
latitude and time of day.
(6aiii)
Atmospheric pressure:
(PICK ANY ONE)
Atmospheric
pressure is the force or weight exerted by the air on the Earth's
surface and on everything upon it. It is caused by the weight of the
atmosphere pressing down due to gravity. Atmospheric pressure varies
from place to place depending on altitude and temperature and is
measured with an instrument called a barometer. Changes in atmospheric
pressure greatly influence weather conditions. High pressure is usually
associated with clear, dry and calm weather, while low pressure is
associated with cloudy, rainy and stormy weather.
OR
Atmospheric
pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of the air above a given
point on the Earth's surface. It results from the gravitational pull of
the Earth on the atmosphere. Atmospheric pressure changes with altitude
and temperature and is measured with a barometer. It is an important
weather element because differences in pressure cause the movement of
winds and determine weather conditions. Areas of high pressure usually
experience fine weather, while areas of low pressure are often
associated with cloudy, rainy or stormy weather.
(6b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) They help farmers determine the best time for planting and harvesting crops.
(ii) They assist in planning irrigation and other agricultural activities.
(iii) They help in forecasting floods and taking preventive measures.
(iv) They are useful in the planning and management of water resources.
(v) They help in the design and construction of dams, bridges and drainage systems.
(vi) They aid weather forecasting and climate studies.
(vii) They assist in the generation of hydroelectric power by providing rainfall data.
(viii) They help governments and organizations plan for drought and other weather-related disasters.
(7a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Expansion of agriculture and farming.
(ii) Commercial logging and timber exploitation.
(iii) Bush burning and forest fires.
(iv) Urbanization and settlement development.
(v) Construction of roads, railways and other infrastructure.
(vi) Mining and quarrying activities.
(vii) Population growth and increasing demand for land.
(7b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)
Reduction in agricultural productivity: Deforestation exposes the soil
to erosion and loss of nutrients, making the land less fertile. This
reduces crop yield and affects livestock grazing. Farmers are forced to
spend more on fertilizers or move to new land, leading to lower food
production and possible food shortages.
(ii) Loss of
biodiversity: The destruction of forests leads to the loss of habitats
for many species of plants and animals. Some organisms may become
endangered or extinct due to the absence of shelter and food. This
reduces biological diversity and disrupts the natural balance of
ecosystems.
(iii) Soil erosion and land degradation: Removal of
forest cover leaves the soil exposed to wind and heavy rainfall. The
topsoil is washed away, resulting in gullies and reduced soil fertility.
Continuous erosion can make the land unsuitable for farming and other
productive uses.
(iv) Climate change and global warming: Trees
absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. When forests are destroyed,
more carbon dioxide remains in the air, increasing the greenhouse
effect. This contributes to rising temperatures, irregular rainfall,
prolonged droughts, and other extreme weather conditions.
(v)
Flooding: Forests help absorb rainwater and reduce surface runoff. When
trees are removed, rainwater flows rapidly over the land, increasing the
risk of floods. Flooding destroys homes, farmlands, roads, and other
infrastructure while causing loss of lives and property.
(vi)
Desertification: Continuous clearing of forests, especially in dry
regions, exposes the land to intense heat and wind action. Over time,
the soil becomes dry and infertile, vegetation disappears, and desert
conditions gradually spread into formerly productive areas.
(vii)
Disruption of the water cycle: Trees release water vapour into the
atmosphere through transpiration, which helps in cloud formation and
rainfall. Deforestation reduces this process, leading to decreased
rainfall, drying up of rivers and streams, and shortage of water for
domestic, agricultural, and industrial use.
(8a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Geographic
Information System (GIS) application refers to the practical use of
Geographic Information System technology to collect, store, manage,
analyze and display geographical or spatial data for solving real-life
problems and supporting decision-making. GIS combines maps with computer
technology to show the location, distribution and relationship of
physical and human features on the Earth's surface.
OR
Geographic
Information System (GIS) application is the use of GIS technology to
collect, process, store, analyze, retrieve and display information that
is related to specific locations on the Earth's surface. It combines
computer technology with maps and geographical data to provide accurate
information about the location, distribution and relationship of
physical and human features. GIS is widely used to solve geographical
and environmental problems, produce maps, monitor changes in the
environment and support effective decision-making.
(8b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i)
High cost of equipment and software: GIS application requires
sophisticated computers, GPS receivers, satellite images, scanners,
plotters and licensed GIS software, all of which are very expensive to
purchase and maintain. Most government agencies, schools, research
institutions and private organizations in Nigeria cannot afford these
facilities because of limited financial resources. The high cost of
updating software and replacing obsolete equipment also discourages the
widespread adoption and effective use of GIS technology across the
country.
(ii) Inadequate skilled personnel: GIS is a highly
technical field that requires trained professionals with knowledge of
cartography, remote sensing, computer programming, database management
and spatial analysis. Nigeria has an inadequate number of qualified GIS
experts due to limited training opportunities and insufficient
investment in capacity building. As a result, many organizations depend
on a few specialists or foreign experts, leading to delays in project
execution, poor data analysis and inefficient use of GIS technology.
(iii)
Inadequate and unreliable data: Effective GIS application depends on
the availability of accurate, current and comprehensive geographical
data. In Nigeria, many maps, land records and spatial databases are
outdated, incomplete or inaccurate because they are not updated
regularly. Some areas also lack proper geographical information due to
poor surveying and data collection. This reduces the reliability of GIS
analysis and may lead to poor planning, wrong decisions and ineffective
implementation of development projects.
(iv) Poor power supply:
GIS operations rely heavily on electricity to power computers, servers,
GPS equipment and other electronic devices. However, the irregular and
unstable power supply in Nigeria frequently interrupts GIS activities,
causes loss of valuable data and damages expensive equipment. Many
organizations are forced to depend on generators and alternative power
sources, which increase the cost of operating GIS systems and reduce
overall efficiency.
(v) Poor funding: Adequate funding is
essential for acquiring modern GIS equipment, purchasing software
licences, collecting spatial data, conducting field surveys and training
personnel. In Nigeria, many government agencies and research
institutions receive insufficient financial support for GIS-related
projects. This lack of funding limits the expansion of GIS programmes,
delays project implementation and prevents regular updating of equipment
and databases needed for effective planning and development.
(vi)
Poor internet and communication facilities: Modern GIS applications
often depend on reliable internet services for downloading satellite
imagery, sharing geographical data, accessing online databases and
communicating with other institutions. In many parts of Nigeria,
internet services are slow, unreliable or completely unavailable. This
makes it difficult to exchange information quickly, delays GIS projects
and reduces the efficiency of data analysis and decision-making.
(vii)
Lack of public awareness: Many people, including government officials,
policymakers and members of the public, have little knowledge of the
importance and benefits of GIS technology. Because of this limited
awareness, GIS is often given low priority in development planning and
government policies. Many organizations also fail to invest in GIS
because they do not fully understand its usefulness in solving
environmental, agricultural, transportation and urban planning problems.
(viii)
Rapid technological changes: GIS technology is constantly improving
with the introduction of new software, hardware and methods of data
collection. Many organizations in Nigeria find it difficult to keep pace
with these changes because of financial constraints and limited
technical expertise. As a result, they continue using outdated equipment
and software that cannot meet modern GIS requirements, thereby reducing
the accuracy, efficiency and effectiveness of GIS applications.
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