![2023 WAEC GCE Government (Essay & OBJ) Answers [15th November]](https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l_siSbNsd0w/WnE3mmaQR8I/AAAAAAAAAe4/KY9_eAywXigjTQJRpT1KfyGEbkGurhGMwCLcBGAs/s1600/WAEC%2BLOGO.png "2023 WAEC GCE Government (Essay & OBJ) Answers [15th November]")
Wednesday, 15th November, 2023
Government 2 (Essay) – 2:00pm – 4:00pm
Government 1 (Objective) – 4:00pm – 5:00pm
A. 2023 WAEC GCE GOVERNMENT OBJECTIVE (OBJ) ANSWERS | 15TH NOVEMBER, 2023
1-10: BDACBABDAC11-20: DCBADBCCAA
21-30: AADABAAADB
31-40: ABBBBBCDAC
41-50: CDBDDACCBD
B. 2023 WAEC GCE GOVERNMENT ESSAY (THEORY) ANSWERS | 15TH NOVEMBER, 2023
(1)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Diverse Representation: A
multi-party system allows for a diverse representation of political
ideologies and interests. This diversity ensures that a broader range of
perspectives is considered in decision-making, promoting inclusivity
and reflecting the diverse needs and opinions of the population.
(ii)
Checks and Balances: Multiple political parties create a system of
checks and balances. Opposition parties act as watchdogs, scrutinizing
the actions and policies of the ruling party. This scrutiny helps
prevent abuses of power, corruption, and ensures accountability,
contributing to the overall health of democratic governance.
(iii)
Policy Alternatives: In a multi-party system, parties compete to offer
different policy alternatives. This competition encourages parties to
formulate well-thought-out and responsive policies to address the
challenges faced by the society. Voters have the opportunity to choose
among different policy proposals, enhancing the democratic
decision-making process.
(iv) Responsive Governance: With the
presence of multiple parties, elected officials are often more
responsive to the needs of the electorate. The fear of losing support to
rival parties encourages politicians to address the concerns of their
constituents and implement policies that align with the public interest.
(v)
Encourages Political Participation: A multi-party system fosters
greater political participation. Citizens are more likely to engage in
the political process when they have a variety of political options.
This increased participation strengthens the democratic fabric by
promoting civic engagement and fostering an informed electorate.
(vi)
Social Cohesion: By providing a platform for various political, social,
and cultural groups, a multi-party system can contribute to social
cohesion. It allows for the peaceful expression of diverse opinions and
interests within a democratic framework, reducing the likelihood of
social unrest and fostering a sense of unity despite differences.
(2)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)
Establishing Fundamental Principles: Constitutions outline the
foundational principles and values that govern a state. These principles
provide a framework for decision-making, ensuring that governance
aligns with core values such as democracy, justice, and human rights.
(ii)
Defining Structure of Government: Constitutions specify the structure
of government, including the division of powers among different branches
(executive, legislative, and judicial). This separation of powers helps
prevent the abuse of authority and fosters a system of checks and
balances.
(iii) Protecting Individual Rights: Constitutions often
include a Bill of Rights or similar provisions that protect the
fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. This protection ensures
that citizens are shielded from arbitrary government actions,
contributing to social stability and justice.
(iv) Establishing
Legal Framework: Constitutions provide the legal foundation for the
state. They define the legal system, establish the rule of law, and set
procedures for enacting and enforcing laws. This legal framework ensures
consistency and predictability in governance.
(v) Prescribing
Processes for Governance: Constitutions outline the processes for
decision-making, elections, and governance. By establishing clear
procedures for selecting leaders, passing laws, and resolving disputes,
constitutions contribute to the smooth functioning of the government and
help prevent political crises.
(vi) Enabling Adaptability:
Constitutions often include mechanisms for amendment or revision,
allowing the legal framework to adapt to changing circumstances. This
adaptability is crucial for addressing evolving societal needs and
ensuring the constitution remains relevant over time.
(3)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)
Active Constituent Engagement: Legislators can best serve their
constituents by actively engaging with them through regular town hall
meetings, forums, and other platforms to understand their concerns,
gather feedback, and keep them informed about legislative activities.
(ii)
Accessible Communication: Maintain open and transparent communication
channels, including newsletters, social media, and responsive websites,
to ensure constituents are well-informed about legislative decisions,
upcoming bills, and the legislator's stance on important issues.
(iii)
Advocacy for Local Needs: Legislate and advocate for policies that
directly address the specific needs and challenges of the constituency.
By understanding local issues and championing relevant causes,
legislators can effectively represent their constituents' interests.
(iv)
Constituency Projects: Initiate and support projects that directly
benefit the community, such as infrastructure development, healthcare
facilities, educational programs, and other initiatives that enhance the
overall well-being of the constituents.
(v) Responsive Case
Work: Establish a robust constituent service system to address
individual concerns and navigate bureaucratic processes. Assisting
constituents with issues like accessing government services or resolving
problems related to federal agencies demonstrates a legislator's
commitment to their well-being.
(vi) Collaboration with Local
Leaders: Work closely with local leaders, community organizations, and
stakeholders to gain a comprehensive understanding of the constituency's
dynamics. Collaborative efforts can lead to more effective policies and
initiatives that align with the genuine needs and aspirations of the
constituents.
(4)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Efficiency and
Competitiveness: State-owned enterprises (SOEs) often face challenges
in operating efficiently and competitively due to bureaucratic
structures and political interference. Allowing private management can
enhance competitiveness and drive efficiency.
(ii) Innovation and
Flexibility: Private enterprises are generally more agile and
innovative in adapting to market changes. By reducing state control,
SOEs can have the flexibility to respond quickly to market demands and
implement innovative practices, fostering growth and sustainability.
(iii)
Reducing Corruption: State involvement in enterprise management can be a
breeding ground for corruption. Privatization can help reduce
corruption by introducing market-driven practices and transparency,
making it harder for corrupt practices to thrive.
(iv) Financial
Accountability: Private ownership often leads to increased financial
accountability. By subjecting SOEs to market discipline, there's a
greater emphasis on sound financial management, reducing the risk of
mismanagement and financial crises.
(v) Focus on Core Functions:
State involvement in various enterprises can lead to a diversion of
resources and attention from essential government functions. By
relinquishing control, the state can concentrate on its core
responsibilities, such as infrastructure development and public welfare.
(vi)
Job Creation and Economic Growth: Privatization can stimulate economic
growth by attracting private investment and creating job opportunities.
Private enterprises are often more adept at expanding operations and
contributing to overall economic development.
(vii) Access to
Global Markets: Privatization can facilitate easier access to global
markets. Private enterprises can engage in international trade more
effectively, contributing to foreign exchange earnings and fostering
economic integration with the global economy.
(6)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)
Cultural Representation:* Chiefs and traditional authorities embody the
rich cultural heritage of Nigeria, and their inclusion ensures that
diverse cultural perspectives are represented in democratic governance,
fostering a sense of inclusivity.
(ii) Community Connection:
Chiefs often have deep-rooted connections within local communities,
allowing them to understand and address the unique needs and challenges
faced by their people, thereby enhancing grassroots engagement in the
democratic process.
(iii) Conflict Resolution: Traditional
authorities possess historical expertise in conflict resolution
mechanisms, contributing to the maintenance of peace and stability.
Integrating them into democratic governance can harness these skills for
effective resolution of disputes at various levels.
(iv)
Customary Law Expertise: Chiefs are well-versed in customary laws that
govern many aspects of community life. Incorporating their expertise
into the legal framework of democratic governance helps bridge the gap
between formal legal systems and traditional norms.
(v) Social
Cohesion: Involving chiefs promotes social cohesion by acknowledging and
respecting traditional structures. This integration can mitigate
potential tensions between modern democratic institutions and
traditional systems, fostering a more harmonious coexistence.
(vi)
Historical Continuity: Chiefs often serve as custodians of historical
knowledge and traditions. Their participation in democratic governance
ensures a seamless blend of historical continuity and contemporary
decision-making, providing a balanced perspective on societal evolution.
(vii)
Local Development Initiatives: Chiefs, being intimately familiar with
local needs, can play a crucial role in the planning and execution of
development initiatives. Their involvement facilitates targeted and
effective policies that address specific challenges faced by different
communities within Nigeria.
(7)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)
Economic Instability: Political conflicts in Nigeria often lead to
economic instability, hindering the country's development by creating an
uncertain business environment and discouraging foreign investments.
(ii)
Infrastructure Decay: Prolonged political conflicts can result in a
neglect of infrastructure development. The focus on resolving political
issues may divert attention and resources away from crucial projects
like roads, bridges, and utilities.
(iii) Educational Setbacks:
Political turmoil may disrupt the educational system, affecting the
quality and accessibility of education. Schools may face closures, and
the overall literacy rate may suffer, impeding human capital
development.
(iv) Corruption and Mismanagement: Political
conflicts can foster corruption and mismanagement of resources,
diverting funds away from essential development projects. This
undermines the effectiveness of development initiatives and perpetuates a
cycle of underdevelopment.
(v) Social Unrest and Migration:*
Political instability can lead to social unrest and displacement of
communities. This upheaval may result in internal migration, affecting
social cohesion and diverting manpower from productive activities
crucial for development.
(vi) Impaired Health Services: Political
conflicts can strain public services, including healthcare. The
diversion of resources and disruptions in governance may lead to
inadequate health services, impacting the overall well-being and
productivity of the population.
(vii) Deterioration of Rule of
Law: Political conflicts often weaken the rule of law, fostering an
environment where legal frameworks are undermined. This can lead to a
lack of accountability, hampering the development of a fair and just
society.
(9)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Unity in
Diversity: Federalism allows Nigeria to accommodate its diverse ethnic
and cultural groups by granting a degree of autonomy to states,
fostering national unity while respecting regional differences.
(ii)
Resource Distribution: Through fiscal federalism, resources are
allocated among the federal and state governments, ensuring that wealth
generated in different regions contributes to the overall development of
the nation.
(iii) Conflict Resolution: Federalism provides a
framework for conflict resolution by allowing states to address local
issues independently, minimizing the likelihood of regional disputes
that could threaten national stability.
(iv) Responsive
Governance: The division of powers between the federal and state levels
enables more responsive governance, as local governments can address the
specific needs of their communities without relying solely on central
authorities.
(v) Checks and Balances: The separation of powers
inherent in federalism helps prevent the abuse of authority. Each tier
of government acts as a check on the others, promoting accountability
and preventing the concentration of power.
(vi) Democratic
Governance: Federalism supports democratic principles by decentralizing
decision-making processes. Local elections allow citizens to participate
in governance at various levels, promoting a more inclusive and
representative political system.
(vii) National Development: By
fostering competition and innovation among states, federalism encourages
economic development and social progress. This competitive dynamic
contributes to the overall advancement of the country.
(8)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)
Limited Enforcement Power: The United Nations faces challenges in
enforcing its resolutions and decisions, as it relies heavily on the
voluntary cooperation of member states, which can hinder its ability to
prevent conflicts effectively.
(ii) Veto Power in the Security
Council: The presence of veto power held by certain influential nations
in the UN Security Council can impede swift and decisive action, as
conflicting national interests may prevent the adoption of resolutions
aimed at conflict prevention.
(iii) Resource Constraints: The UN
often encounters financial and resource limitations, limiting its
capacity to deploy peacekeeping missions or provide necessary aid in a
timely manner to prevent conflicts from escalating.
(iv)
Sovereignty Concerns: Member states' concerns about preserving their
national sovereignty can hinder UN intervention, as some states may
resist external interference, even in situations where conflict
prevention measures are urgently needed.
(v) Regional Power
Dynamics: The UN may face challenges in navigating complex regional
power dynamics, as regional conflicts and tensions can be deeply rooted
and may require nuanced approaches that the UN may struggle to implement
effectively.
(vi) Ineffective Diplomacy: Diplomatic efforts may
be hampered by the lack of consensus among member states or by
inadequate diplomatic strategies, making it difficult for the UN to
mediate and prevent conflicts before they escalate.
(vii) Slow
Decision-Making Processes: The bureaucratic structure of the UN can lead
to slow decision-making processes, reducing its ability to respond
swiftly to emerging threats and preventing timely intervention to avert
conflicts among member states.\
(10)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)
Economic Growth: Strengthening inter-dependence fosters economic
collaboration, leading to increased trade and investment, thereby
promoting overall economic growth in Nigeria.
(ii) Resource
Sharing: Through inter-dependence, Nigeria can benefit from the sharing
of resources and expertise with other states, ensuring efficient
utilization and development of its own resources.
(iii) Political
Stability: A commitment to inter-dependence encourages diplomatic
cooperation, fostering political stability as nations work together to
address common challenges, contributing to peace and security in
Nigeria.
(iv) Technological Advancement: Collaboration with other
states facilitates the exchange of technology and knowledge, promoting
innovation and technological advancement within Nigeria.
(v)
Cultural Exchange: Inter-dependence promotes cultural exchange,
allowing Nigeria to showcase its rich cultural heritage while also
learning from and appreciating the diverse cultures of other states.
(vi)
Environmental Conservation: Collaborative efforts on environmental
issues within an inter-dependent framework can lead to shared
initiatives for conservation, benefiting Nigeria in terms of sustainable
development and ecological preservation.
(vii) Global Influence:
By actively participating in inter-dependent relationships, Nigeria can
enhance its global influence and representation, enabling the country
to have a stronger voice in international forums and decision-making
processes.
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2 Comments
Hello
ReplyDeleteHi pls don't u have WhatsApp group
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