![2023 NECO GCE Agric (Essay & OBJ) Answers [18th December]](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit60GqUzL1yU6CEh1H4FVh2SXuOwdumCPBDVGnE8lUyiEpq5sQ7C8cupUjnyxQlFKBzKnLnh66F7OzHBjil1nY6hZCdESmk_ADBxHUgxKWTvA6JMsmFE0GOCf5P3QSeWqf10azbIKOoq0/s1600/NECO.jpg "2023 NECO GCE Agric (Essay & OBJ) Answers [18th December]")
Monday 18th December
Agricultural Science Paper III & II (Objective & Essay)
NECO GCE AGRIC SCIENCE (ESSAY) ANSWERS 2023:
(1ai)
LEASEHOLD:
(i) Duration of tenure: Leasehold is a land
tenure system where the land is leased or rented for a specific period
of time, typically ranging from a few years to several decades. This
feature allows for flexibility in land use as the tenant has the right
to use the land for a fixed period of time but does not have permanent
ownership.
(ii) Rent payment: In leasehold, the tenant is required to
pay rent to the landowner for the use of the land. The rent may be in
the form of cash, crops, or a combination of both. This feature provides
income to the landowner and ensures that the tenant has a financial
obligation to maintain and improve the land.
(1aii)
INHERITANCE:
(i)
Intergenerational transfer: Inheritance allows for the transfer of land
ownership from one generation to the next. This ensures continuity in
land use and allows families to maintain their connection to the land.
(ii)
Customary laws and traditions: Inheritance is often governed by
customary laws and traditions, which vary from culture to culture. These
laws and traditions determine the rules and procedures for transferring
land ownership upon the death of the landowner. This feature reflects
the cultural, social, and historical context of a particular society.
(1b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Industries provide a market for agricultural products, helping farmers to sell their produce and generate income.
(ii) Industries provide employment opportunities for rural populations, reducing unemployment and poverty.
(iii)
Industries contribute to agricultural development through innovations,
research, and technology transfer, leading to improved productivity and
efficiency.
(iv) Industries provide inputs and services to farmers,
such as agricultural machinery, fertilizers, and pest control products,
helping to enhance agricultural practices.
(v) Industries contribute
to value addition and processing of agricultural products, increasing
their market value and profitability.
(1c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Plough
(ii) Disc harrow
(iii) Cultivator
(iv) Rotary tiller
(1d)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Refrigeration
(ii) Incubation
(iii) Milking
(iv) Drying of produce or material.
(v) Shelling of fruits or seeds.
(vi) Feed making or mixing.
(vii) Threshing
(viii) Defeathering
(ix) Debeaking
(x) Candling
(2ai)
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION:
(i)
Promote the use of organic farming methods, crop rotation, and
integrated pest management techniques to minimize soil erosion, nutrient
depletion, and chemical pollution.
(ii) Encourage the adoption of
conservation agriculture techniques such as minimum tillage, cover
cropping, and agroforestry to improve soil health, water retention, and
biodiversity.
(iii) Planting of trees and restoration of forests can
help in reducing the impact of agriculture on the environment by
preventing soil erosion and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
(iv)
Proper planning and zoning of agricultural activities can prevent
encroachment on fragile ecosystems and promote sustainable land use
practices.
(2aii)
UNPREDICTABLE CLIMATE:
(i) Promote the
use of climate-smart agricultural practices such as improved irrigation
techniques, drought-tolerant crop varieties, and water harvesting
methods to adapt to changing climatic conditions.
(ii) Encouraging
farmers to grow a wide variety of crops can help mitigate the risk of
crop failure due to unpredictable climate patterns.
(iii) Improved
weather forecasting and early warning systems can help farmers
anticipate and prepare for extreme weather events such as droughts,
floods, and storms.
(iv) Providing farmers with access to affordable
agricultural insurance can help them recover from losses caused by
unpredictable climate events.
(2b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Lack of individual ownership rights which poses challenges in securing land for agriculture and other purposes.
(ii) Complex and cumbersome land acquisition process which leads to delays and corruption in the land acquisition process.
(iii) Inadequate compensation for landowners resulting in disputes and loss of livelihoods.
(iv) Inefficient land administration: which leads to bureaucratic bottlenecks and poor management of land resources.
(v) Limited access to land for small-scale farmers
(vi) Limited Community Involvement which leads to social and cultural implications.
(2ci)
KNAPSACK SPRAYER:
(i)
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves,
goggles, and masks, to protect yourself from chemical exposure.
(ii)
Follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for mixing and
applying pesticides or herbicides, including the recommended dosage and
application rate.
(iii) Avoid spraying near water bodies, sensitive crops, or residential areas to minimize the risk of contamination and drift.
(2cii)
TRACTOR:
(i) Ensure proper training and certification in tractor operation to prevent accidents and damages.
(ii)
Regularly inspect and maintain the tractor, including checking for
leaks, worn-out tires, and malfunctioning parts, to ensure safe
operation.
(iii) Operate the tractor at safe speeds and be cautious
when turning or traveling on uneven terrain to prevent rollovers and
accidents.
(3a)
(ii) Soil sample collection and preparation
(iii) Microbial enumeration through dilution series
(iii) Isolation and identification of microorganisms
(3bi)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Pesticides
(ii) Fertilizers
(iii) Animal Waste
(iv) Irrigation Water
(3bii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Using plants to absorb, accumulate, or break down pollutants in the soil, helping to restore its quality
(ii) The use of microorganisms to degrade or break down pollutants in the soil.
(iii) Through soil aeration
(iv)
Implementing measures, such as contour plowing or planting cover crops,
to prevent soil erosion and the spread of pollutants to other areas.
(v) Planting vegetation to stabilize the soil, reduce erosion, and contribute to the overall improvement of soil quality.
(3c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Adding organic matter such as compost or manure, into the soil can improve its water-holding capacity and nutrient content.
(ii) Mulching to conserve moisture and reduce erosion.
(iii) Amending with clay to improve its ability to retain water and nutrients.
(iv) Crop rotation to improve soil fertility by fixing nitrogen and adding organic matter to the soil.
(3d)
(i) Rotating crops can help to break the lifecycle of pests and pathogens, reducing their buildup in the soil.
(ii)
Implementing good sanitation practices, such as cleaning and
disinfecting equipment and tools, can help to prevent the spread of
pathogens.
(iii) Proper irrigation practices, such as using water
efficiently and avoiding over-irrigation, can help to prevent the
buildup of disease-causing organisms in the soil.
(iv) Planting
disease-resistant varieties can help to reduce the risk of pathogen
buildup and the spread of diseases in the farm.
(6a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Tapping
(ii) Coagulation
(iii) Smoking
(iv) Sheet Formation
(v) Drying
(6b)
(i) It causes environmental pollution
(ii) It leads to development of resistant weeds
(iii) It poses health risks to farmworkers
(iv) It leads to soil degradation
(6c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Roses
(ii) Orchids
(iii) Geraniums
(iv) Lavender
(v) Lilies
(vi) Begonias
(vii) Marigolds
(6d)
(i)
The prohibition of bush burning, the cutting down of timber trees,
except with an official permit and the cutting down of trees in a forest
reserve.
(iii) Prohibition of Illegal felling of trees.
(iv) Harvesting of an under-aged tress, that is, the tree could only be harvested when it is about 20 or 25 years old.
(iv) Controlling and monitoring logging activities to ensure sustainable practices.
(8ai)
(i) Reduced Growth Rates
(ii) Poor Reproductive Performance
(iii) Weight Loss and Emaciation
(iv) Increased Susceptibility to Diseases
(8aii)
(i) Calcium
(ii) Phosphorus
(8bi)
Stud
Mating involves the controlled mating of a male animal (stud) with a
female in a specific breeding environment. while Pen Mating involves
allowing a group of females to freely associate with a male (kept in the
same pen or enclosure).
(8bii)
Line Breeding involves
breeding animals within the same genetic line or family to concentrate
desirable traits. while Cross Breeding involves mating animals from
different breeds or genetic lines.
(8c)
(i) Poor Water Quality
(ii) Overcrowding
(iii) Unbalanced diet
(8d)
(i) Beeswax
(ii) Propolis
(iii) Royal Jelly
(i) Farm assets refer to the resources owned and controlled by a farm, such as land, buildings, machinery, livestock, and crops while Farm liabilities are the debts and obligations that a farm has, such as loans, mortgages, and unpaid bills.
(ii) Appreciation refers to the increase in the value of an asset over time due to factors such as inflation, market demand, or improvements made to the asset. On the other hand, Depreciation refers to the decrease in the value of an asset over time due to factors such as wear and tear, obsolescence, or market conditions.
(10b)
(i) Income and expense records
(ii) Inventory records
(iii) Production records
(iv) Sales records
(10c)
(i) It has the ability to reach a large audience across different geographical locations.
(ii) It is a cost-effective method of agricultural extension as it allows for the dissemination of information to a large audience simultaneously.
(iii) It delivers information quickly to farmers, ensuring that they have access to the latest agricultural techniques, practices, and market trends in a timely manner.
(iv) Television and online videos, in particular, can provide visual demonstrations of agricultural practices, techniques, and innovations, making it easier for farmers to understand complex concepts.
(10d)
(i) Economic viability
(ii) Access to capital
(iii) Adequate Infrastructure
(iv) Access to information and training
NECO GCE AGRIC SCIENCE (OBJECTIVE) ANSWERS 2023:
1-10: CCBBAEBDEB11-20: ADDECBECBE
21-30: DBCABCBDAE
31-40: DBCDBBADEC
41-50: BCECCDACCC
51-60: BCEADCDBCC
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